1. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 1 The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented by Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas January 29, 2015

2. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 2 PIT Tags in Migratory Fish The beauty of asymmetry: no looking back Detection events are “instantaneous” If you never see ‘em again, it’s probably because they’re dead Schematic courtesy of SURPH 3.5 user manual. Lady, et al. 2013

3. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 3 The Problem with Non-migratory Fish So long, asymmetry Now you see ‘em, now you see ‘em again, and again… OR you never see ‘em at all, BUT that doesn’t mean they’re not out there

4. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 4 Some (Partial) Solutions Find the right question Carefully pick the time and place Embrace your assumptions

5. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 5 West Fork Smith River, Oregon Case Study 1 Dalton Hance, Anchor QEA Lisa Ganio, Oregon State University Kelly Burnett, U.S. Forest Service Joe Ebersole, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

6. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 6 Juvenile coho salmon tagged in late summer over 4 years. Fall Movement of Coho Salmon 2002 2003 2004 2005

7. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 7 Pick your time and place Juvenile coho salmon in coastal streams redistribute in the fall. We selected fish tagged in tributaries and mainstem before the start of fall and detected at tributary confluences during fall. Stream Flow

8. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 8 Out In ≥ ? Are fish more likely to be detected immigrating into a tributary than emigrating out of a tributary after accounting for the distance of movement at multiple tributaries in a stream network? Find the Right Question

9. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 9 Embrace Your Assumptions

10. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 10 Upper Mainstem Gold Creek Results Out In <

11. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 11 Results Moore Creek Beaver Creek Crane Creek Out In =

12. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 12 Siuslaw National Forest, Oregon Case Study 2 Dalton Hance, Anchor QEA Jason Dunham, U.S. Geological Survey Bruce Hansen, U.S. Forest Service John Speece, Jefferson Soil and Water Conservation District

13. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 13 Bays Creek Antenna Reach ABCDEF Downstream referenceUpstream referenceCulvert crossing 1234

14. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 14 Reach 12 3 4 Do Culvert Stream Crossings Inhibit Fish Movement Compared to Reference Crossings?

15. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 15 Independent movement and detection. We only care whether a fish arrives at the antenna once during the monitoring period. No mortality/tag loss (or constant among groups). All fish have equal detection probability at each individual antenna. Embrace Your Assumptions Detection Bays Creek (Passive) History 1234 113332 103323 011010 0050223120 Total57283725

16. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 16 Reach 12 3 4

17. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 17 1 3 5 19 20 19 20 24 6 Can translocation improve estimates by changing fish motivation to move? Find the Right Question

18. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 18 Results: Translocation 1 3 5 24 6 The takeaway: Translocation resulted in more detections of movement and narrower credible intervals, but this changed the scope of inference to translocated fish.

19. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 19 Malheur National Forest, Oregon Case Study 3 Dalton Hance, Anchor QEA Bruce Hansen, U.S. Forest Service John Speece, Jefferson Soil and Water Conservation District Jason Dunham, U.S. Geological Survey

20. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 20 Translocation and Mobile Tracking

21. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 21 Translocation and Mobile Tracking Site 1: 135 Redband trout tagged and translocated; 131 detected at least once by either mobile tracking or gate readers Site 2: 139 Redband trout tagged and translocated; 130 detected at least once by either mobile tracking or gate readers Release Reach 2 Release Reach 4 Release Reach 6 Release Reach 8 Site 134 3334 Site 235 34

22. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 22 Translocation and Mobile Tracking

23. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 23 Develop formal model framework Embrace limiting assumptions (more than 600 possible parameters in the fullest possible model) Focus on the scale of management problem (i.e., don‘t find an overly complicated answer for a simple question) Next Steps

24. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 24 Summary

25. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 25 PIT tags + small streams + non-migratory fish = potentially messy data The hardest part is finding the right question to ask We have the technology; what we need are good designs Take-home Messages

26. The Use of PIT Tags in Small Streams and Non-migratory Fish Presented By Dalton Hance and Josh Murauskas 26 Questions/Discussion dhance@anchorqea.com; jmurauskas@anchorqea.com