1. Social Stratification
Chapter 6

2. Discussion Outline I. Patterns of Social Stratification
II. American Class Inequality
III. Social Mobility and Poverty

3. What is Social Stratification?
Why are Sociologists interested in studying social strata and social class?

4. I. Systems of Stratification
Stratification-A structured ranking of entire groups of people.
perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society-Some suffer while others benefit
Social Inequality- members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, and power

5. Systems of Stratification
Review:
Ascribed status vs. Achieved status
General Systems: Any stratification system may include elements of more than one type
(1) Slavery (2) castes (3) social classes
Open vs. Closed systems

6. Dimensions of Stratification
Economic Standing (measures)
1. Wealth- money and other economic assets that a person or family owns, including property and income
Wealth is cumulative, is passed on to the next generation, ensures economic security and future prosperity, and produces income
2. Income?

7. Dimensions of Stratification
Prestige
How do individuals and groups alert others of their level of prestige?
Power
What does it mean that an individual or group is powerful in society?

8. Is there modern day economic inequality in the richest, most powerful nation in the history of the world?

9. II. The American Class System
The gap between the rich and the poor in U.S. is larger than any other wealthy/industrialized nation
Growing inequality since 1960’s and accelerated in 1980’s under president ______ and economic principle of “trickle down economics”.
What was the principle of trickle down economics?
Inequality continues to grow- Income and wealth gaps

10. Economic Inequality (Income)
A growing gap between rich and poor
90’s profits reaped by upper class
Stagnant wages for 8/10 Americans
CEO Compensation
Trickle down-economics
Did it work?

11. Economic Inequality (Wealth)
Importance of wealth?
Greater than income inequality and expanding
In 2007, the wealthiest 1% of household owned more than the bottom 90% of households combined
Corporate Wealth

12. Growing Inequality in the U.S.

13. Why do Americans tolerate such massive concentrations of income and wealth?
Are the richest Americans the hardest working?
Do CEO’s deserve what they get paid?

14. The land of opportunity
The American Dream is one of the most powerful concepts and constructions in American society
Meritocracy
“Rags to Riches”
The land of opportunity

15. ??? Why do some believe that the American Dream is a myth? Is it?
Do we live in a true meritocracy?
How are people rewarded for their hard work?
Do all individuals have an equal chance at discovering their talents? Equality of opportunity?
Are the richest individuals/families the hardest working?

16. The Significance of Social Class
Life Chances
Social Mobility

17. Poverty
The wealthiest country in the world also has the highest rates of poverty. What country?
Absolute poverty—not having enough money to afford the most basic necessities
Relative poverty—not having enough money to maintain an average standard of living
Why is poverty such a problem in the richest nation in the world?
How much money should a family of four make to live above the poverty line?

18. Poverty Line
Poverty line—the minimal level of income that the federal government considers necessary for basic subsistence
Used to determine eligibility for government assistance
In 2010, the poverty line was _______for a family of four.

19. Who are the Poor? Children (35% of the poor) Women (57% of the poor)
African Americans, American Indians, and Latinos (Poverty rates are much higher than for whites.)
The “new poor”
How is poverty
Explained?

20. Causes of Poverty? Deficiency vs. Structural theories
Deficiency Theories: Blame the Individual
Innate Inferiority
Cultural Inferiority
Structural Theories: Blame society
Institutional Discrimination
A capitalist economy

21. Theoretical Explanations for Social Stratification
The Functionalist theory of Stratification
The Conflict Theory of Stratification