1. NORTHSIDE Water & Power from Solar Energy Systems

2. August 2001 Northside, Inc. Stationary Mirror/Moving Absorber Concept Very Low Profile Excellent for Low Latitudes Perfect for Bolivia Low Motor Torques Simple Facet Design

3. August 2001 Northside, Inc. What Are Options To Clean Water? Filtration and Clorination Sterilization Reverse Osmosis Distillation

4. August 2001 Northside, Inc. Purification and Sterilization Pathogens and Methods to Eliminate Filtration Requirements Appropriate Technology Filtration Better than Distillation We NEED Minerals in Water

5. August 2001 Northside, Inc. Heating vs Chlorine Required to Kill Cryptosporidium Spores 5 minutes at 60 C Heat Will Work (No Cl 2 ) Higher Temperatures (100C) help Source: “Cryptosporidium in Water Supplies” British Study 1990 Chlorine Required:Too High to be Practical 10 ml/liter Chlorine required (deadly)

6. August 2001 Northside, Inc. Energy Is Required for Sterilization/Pasteurization Heat One Pound of Water to 212F=212 B.T.U./lb Heat One kg Water to 100 C=418 kJ/kg 1 kWh=3600 kW-sec=3,600kJ One kWh Gives 3600/418=8.6 kg Water One kWh Gives 8.6 kg = 8.6 liter Water Cost: at 10 cents/kWh: 1.2 cents/liter Can be MUCH cheaper with “counter-flow heat exchanger” (can improve by factor of 3-10)

7. August 2001 Northside, Inc. How Much Energy Is Required for Simple Distillation? Boil One Pound of Water=970 B.T.U./lb Boil One kg Water=2257 kJ/kg 1 kWh=3600 kW-sec=3,600kJ One kWh Gives 3600/2257=1.6 kg Water One kWh Gives 1.6 kg = 1.6 liter Water 6 cents per liter

8. August 2001 Northside, Inc. How Much Energy Is Required For Single-Effect CARS Condensation? One kWh of Heat Makes 0.4 kWh of Cooling One kWh of Cool Gives 0.4 x 1.6=0.64 kg Water

9. August 2001 Northside, Inc. What Is Vapor Compression Distillation?

10. August 2001 Northside, Inc. Which Distillation Method is More Efficient?

11. August 2001 Northside, Inc. Lowest-Cost Solar Vapor Compression Distiller

12. August 2001 Northside, Inc. Vapor Jet Pump Features SimpleSimple Low CostLow Cost Low EfficiencyLow Efficiency

13. August 2001 Northside, Inc. Northside Scroll/Turbocharger System “SSTEPS”

14. August 2001 Northside, Inc. Cost per Liter of Distilled Water from SSTEPS System 12 times cheaper than Distillation 0.5 cents per liter Similar to Sterilization in Efficiency System Provides Electricity(!!) Can Produce Cooling Too(!!) Most Complex, Hardest to Develop Capital Cost of Equipment: High

15. August 2001 Northside, Inc. Northside Water & Power Summary Phase 1: SterilizationPhase 1: Sterilization –Demonstration Projects –Prove out Solar Collector –Get to Market Rapidly Phase 2: SSTEPS –Develop Components –Demonstrate Lab Unit –Take To Field