1. General Motors Hybrid Vehicles 15 © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman

2. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.1 Stator assembly used on the General Motors parallel hybrid truck.

3. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.2 The flywheel alternator starter assembly.

4. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.3 The three VRLA batteries are located under the rear seat. Note the clear plastic tubes used to the event that pressure in the batteries opens the vent valve(s).

5. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.4 The decal under the hood shows the location of the 12-volt and the 36-volt (three 12-volt in series) (42 volts charging voltage) batteries.

6. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

7. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.5 The double outlets in the bed of the truck are covered with a spring-loaded rubber-sealed cover to keep out water and dirt.

8. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

9. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.6A A laptop computer or other similar device can be plugged into the 120-volt AC outlet in the interior of the Chevrolet hybrid truck.

10. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.6B The laptop cord can be left plugged into the outlet, making it easy to use.

11. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

12. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.7 An electrohydraulic power steering assembly on a Chevrolet hybrid pickup truck.

13. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

14. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.8 An overall view of the components and their locations in a Saturn VUE hybrid electric vehicle.

15. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.9 The motor/generator assembly used in the Saturn VUE and Chevrolet Malibu hybrid vehicle.

16. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.10 The Saturn VUE engine showing the location of the accessories and the motor/generator. The dual- tensioner assembly that controls the motoring (help to power the vehicle) and generating loads.

17. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.11 This Cadillac Escalade, like many hybrids built by General Motors have many emblems showing that it is a hybrid electric vehicle.

18. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.12 A graph showing the operation of the two-mode hybrid vehicle. At lower speeds, the vehicle is capable of being propelled using electrical power alone and assist at higher speeds.

19. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.13 The two modes of the GM two-mode hybrid vehicle.

20. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.14 The two-mode General Motors hybrid encloses both electric motor-generators inside the transmission case.

21. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.15 The two-mode General Motors vehicle is a full (strong) hybrid capable of propelling the vehicle using battery power alone.

22. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.16 Cutaway view of the two-mode General Motors transmission.

23. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.17 The high voltage NiMH battery pack is located underneath rear seat in the GM two-mode hybrid vehicle. The high voltage disconnect plug is located on the passenger side of the battery pack.

24. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.18 The gasoline engine can power motor A to charge the batteries and help propel the vehicle.

25. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.19 The high-voltage battery current can be fed to both electric motors to propel the vehicle.

26. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.20 The electric motors can be used to assist the gasoline engine to provide additional torque for rapid acceleration.

27. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.21 The gasoline engine alone can be used to power the vehicle.

28. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

29. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.22 The two-mode hybrid also operates on electric power alone during deceleration (regenerative braking).

30. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.23 The Chevrolet Volt is a small four door vehicle that is based on the Chevrolet Cruze platform.

31. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.24 The high-voltage battery pack is housed between the seat under the center console and under the rear seat. The orange high-voltage disconnect plug is shown in this cutaway model and is located under the console package tray.

32. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.25 The engine cooling system uses a 20 PSI pressure cap and the cooling systems for the battery and the electronic use 5 PSI caps.

33. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.26 A smart phone can be used to link On-Star in the Chevrolet Volt, which can send state-of-charge and estimated range information.

34. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.27 After the Volt has been charged it uses the electrical power stored in the high-voltage battery to propel the vehicle and provide heating and cooling for 25 to 50 miles (40 to 80 km). Then the gasoline engine starts and maintains the SOC between 25% and 35%. The gasoline engine cannot fully charge the high-voltage batteries but rather the vehicle has to be plugged in to provide a higher SOC level.

35. 15 General Motors Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Third Edition James D. Halderman © 2013 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 FIGURE 15.28 (a) The Chevrolet Volt is charged using a standard SAE 1772 connector using either 110 or 220 volts. (b) After connecting the charging plug, a light on the top of the dash turns green and the dash display shows the estimated time when the high-voltage battery will be fully charged and the estimated current range using battery power alone.