1. Transforming Jakarta:
Three Integrated Ideas for Jakarta Baru*
Presented by Wisnubroto Sarosa
Member of Indonesian Association of Planners
Head of Sub-directorat of Monitoring and Evaluation of Spatial Plan Implementation Region I
Directorat General of Spatial Planning and Development
The Ministry of Public Works, Republic of Indonesia
46th EAROPH REGIONAL CONFERENCE
Iskandar Malaysia
20th November 2013
*Jakarta Baru (New Jakarta) is tagline of the current Jakarta’s Governor – Vice Governor, Joko Widodo – Basuki Tjahja Purnama

2. Outline The Jakarta’s challenges The impacts What have been done?
The ideas for better solution

3. The Challenges

4. The Importance of Jakarta
Jakarta which is always the centre of developmentt in Indonesia along the country’s history is becoming one of the top ten largest cities in the world.

5. Urban Sprawl Development & Administrative Division
Uncontrolled and sprawl development as well as administrative division change have been happening in the Greater Jakarta (JABODETABEK) for last three decades

6. Significant Increase of Population
Total: 28 million
For 40 years, population has been increasing signifcantly in the region of JABODETABEK

7. The Impacts

8. Increasing Commuters Phenomena
(in 1,000 unit car/day)
(2002) 247
(2010) 344
(2002) 262
(2010) 423
Increase 40%
Increase 61%
DKI
Jakarta
City of Tangerang
City of Tangsel
Regency of Tangerang
City of Bekasi
Regency of Bekasi
BODETABEKDKI Jakarta
743
1,105
Prediction 2013:
almost 2 million cars enter Jakarta a day
(2002) 234
(2010) 338
Increase 44%
Increase 49%
City of Depok
City of Bogor
Regency of Bogor
Source: Commuter Survey JUTPI, 2010

9. Impact: Traffic Congestions
Severe traffic congestions everywhere and everytime cause everyone to be used spending hours on the road every single day. A prediction: Jakarta’s traffic will be stuck in 2014

10. Significant Increase of Private Transportation
Source: Commuter Survey JUTPI, 2010
The absence of adequate public transportation increase excessively the number of cars dan motorcycles

11. More Frequent Floods
The area, the frequency and the duration of floods are increasing from year to year.

12. Spreading Slum Areas
Slum areas are spreading along the rivers and the coastal areas.

13. Impact: Reducing the Area of Green Open Spaces
1985
37,2%
2000
25,85 %
The fast urban development in the past has radically reduced traditional green open spaces in the city.
The Spatial Planning Law No. 26/2007) suggest that the city should provide minimum 30% GOS of the area.
2010
13,94 %

14. What Have Been Done?

15. The Existing Public Transportation
For years, to serve commuters who work in Jakarta, there have been small number of railway networks which is inheritance from the colonial era.
Nowadays, there are 10 lanes, out of 15 lanes in the plan, of busway which serve around Jakarta, besides dozen traditional buses or minibuses managed by private company or individual.

16. The Plan of Transportation Network
The Government and the Provincial Goverment of Jakarta plan to build:
Six more toll-road enter to the city (creating big debat)
Two lanes of monorail (the construction already started after six years pending)
A lane of MRT from the southern part to the city center.

17. The Existing and Planned Floodways
For managing the flood, the Central Government and the Provincial Government of Jakarta (DKI) have been developing and managing several canal floodways as well as waduks/ponds/reservoirs throughout the area.
Blue: managed and developed by the Government
Orange: managed and developed by the DKI

18. The Ideas for Better Solution

19. Lessons from Other Megapolitans
Paris
New York
Berlin
Tokyo
Moscow
London
Megapolitans around the world are deserved by dozens of railway system

20. Our Neighbourhood Already Started
Manila
Kuala Lumpur
Bangkok
New Delhi
Singapore

21. Idea One: Revitalisation of River Banks
Creating more green open space on the river banks by moving the people on the slum areas into the social housings build set back from the river banks.
Due to the limited space, it is needed to build temporarily housing over the river, during the construction of social housings.

22. Idea One: the Resources
Target of the Ministry of Social Housing (Menpera) to build 650 twin-block (68,180 units) of Rusunawa (rental apartement) and 200 tower (160,000 units) have only reached 20% today.
The Ministry of Public Works allocates Rp 5 Trilion (USD 500 million) for normalisation project of Ciliwung River. It does not include Rp 3.4 Trillion (USD 340 million) of the Ministry and the DKI Jakarta 2012 budget for normalisation project of 13 rivers in Jakarta for anticipating floods.
In fact, there are a lot of budget for building the social housing and developing the rivers. The general problems are usually coming from the aquisition of lands.

23. Idea Two: Building Elevated Train
There are 13 rivers and canals, small and larger, neat and dirty, flow through Jakarta. Those are one of network of public space that can be used without acquiring the land.
The other networks are the median of toll roads and the high-voltage transmission which pass trough the middle of the city.
The grid need to be modified in order to be able to build the railway

24. Idea Two: Examples of Elevated Train Abroad

25. Idea Two: Elevated Train Networks in Jakarta
Among the 13 rivers/canals, it just takes 3 or 4 to build the elevated train/monorail network. Those networks are to service especially the comutters from the southern part of Jakarta (Depok, Bogor)
While the train/monorail over the toll road are provided especially for the commuters from eastern and western parts of Jakarta (Tangerang and Bekasi)
Monorail/train over the river
Monorail/train over the toll road

26. Idea Three: Building ‘the Man behind the Gun’
Change the Mindset
Due to more market oriented of the urban development since two-three decades ago, issuing permit by Local Government for private investors to build malls, apartements and city superblocks has been more dominant rather than improving the urban kampongs.
1934
Today
Kampoengveerbetaring
MHT I:
KIP/JUDP
MHT II:
‘DAS’
MHT III:
‘Tribina’
P2KP: Penang-gulangan Kemis-kinan
PNPM
Perkotaan
1980:
Aga Khan Award
1999
WB’s Cities Alliances:
“Global Best Practices”

27. Idea Three: Building ‘the Man behind the Gun’
Such development has been creating the processes of ‘gentrification’ as well as ‘marginalisation’ of the urban poor to suburb.

28. Idea Three: Building Concensus and Cooperation among the Stakeholders
Start from intitutions in the Government
Provincial Government of Jakarta (DKI)
Directorat General of Water Resources
(SDA-PU)
Directorat General of Spatial Planning
(DJPR-PU)
Directorat General of Human Settlements (DJCK –PU)
Ministry of Social Housing (Kemenpera)
Directorat General of Human Settlements (DJCK –PU)
Land Certification Agency (BPN)

29. Idea Three: Creating a Multistakeholder Cooperation
Civil Society Organisations
Facilitating the community to include the projects
Zakat-based Trust Fund
Quasi-public Organisation Managing the Projects
Managing funding from the people of Jakarta
Zakat-based Trust Fund
Government Institutions
Private Sectors
Private Sectors
Contributing and investing in certain parts of the projects
Contributing in the project depending on their own role

30. Conclusion
For transforming Jakarta into a more livable city it is required to have an integrated strategy which is using all potential resources (spacial, social and financial).
The strategy should be implemented in a fast way and a short period in order to not creating other excessive impacts related to social and economic matters.
The proposed integrated ideas could hopefully overcome three big issues in Jakarta today: traffic congestions, slum areas and green open spaces.

31. at EAROPH World Congress 2014
Thank You
See you in Jakarta
at EAROPH World Congress 2014