1. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY Pertemuan 03 Matakuliah: S0372 – Kimia Teknik Sipil Tahun: Ganjil 2007/2008

2. Bina Nusantara ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 1.Sour Rain 2.Degradation Materials 3.Relation with building.

3. Bina Nusantara NATURE OF WATER 1.Dissolve very good. 2.Highest dielectric konstanta. 3.High surface tension. 4.Transparent look and longer wavelength faction of light of ultraviolet. 5.Maximum Density 4 o C 6.Higher heat of evaporation of other materials. 7.Heat of Latent bigger than other dilution fusion except ammonia. 8.Bigger capacities heat.

4. Bina Nusantara ACIDITY OF WATER AND OF CARBONDIOSIDA IN WATER. Acidity as application for natural water and waste water [is] capacities irrigate for menetralisasi OH - ; and this matter of analogue with alkalinitas, capacities for the menetralisasi of H +. Acidity generally result of from existence of acid weak, especially CO 2, sometime the including other like H 2 PO 4 -, H2S, protein, and fat acids. Acidity of metal ion, especially Fe 3 +, also give acidity contribution. From contamination, sour of strength is very important contribution for the acidity of. Free acid mineral like H 2 SO 4 and of HCl in water. Sour of water mine is acidulous common polutan of free mineral. Total acidity determined with titration with basa use fenolftalein as final dot ( pH=8,2), free acid mineral determined with titration of basa metally orange as final dot ( pH 4,3). Nature of acidity some metal ion of hydration giving acidity contribution: Al (H 2 O) 6 3+ ==== Al(H 2 O) 5 OH 2++ + H +

5. Bina Nusantara Sour Rain (SO x, NO X )

6. Bina Nusantara Materials of York Minster is especially two rock type: crystalline a, dolomite granular, MgCO 3.CaCO 3, porous more a and, calcite of largely made limestone oolithic granular, CaCO 3. As construction materials, the dolomite stone is much more resistant to erosion than the limestone (Mills 2000), lasting up to four times longer. With existence of water, dioxide sulphur react with the following limestone dolomite : CaCO 3.MgCO 3 (s) + 2SO 2 (g) + O 2 (g) —> CaSO 4.2H 2 O(s) + MgS0 4.7H 2 0(s) + C0 2 (g) Oolithic limestone Dry react with oxygen and dioxide sulphur for : CaC0 2 (s) + S0 2 (g) + 1/2 O 2 (g) ——> CaSO 4 (s) + CO 2 (g) With existence of water for the forming of hydration sulphate calcium. SO 2 (g) + NO 2 (g) + H 2 O(/) = H 2 SO 4 (aq) + NO(g) nitrogen of Oxides (NO X ) form nitrate acid with water to react with limestone to form dissolve easier Calcium nitrate salt in water., Ca(NO 3 ) 2.

7. Bina Nusantara RELATION WITH BUILDING Concrete building will caused by brittle of sour rain, and so do other materialss able to be dissolve by sour rain.

8. Bina Nusantara

9. FACTORS INFLUENCING CONCRETE STRENGTH

10. Bina Nusantara CORROSION PROTECTION Proper cover of at least 2” lower w/c = weight of water / weight of cement denser concrete avoid using chlorides