1. REPRODUCATION
Cell division

2. DIVISION Organisms reproduce themselves by many various methods
Some of these methods include:
Asexual
Binary fission
Budding
Sporulation
Vegetative propagation
Fragmentation and Regeneration
Mitosis
Sexual
Meiosis

3. BINARY FISSION Asexual reproduction Prokaryotic cells Some protozoa
Some organelles in Eukaryotic cells

4. BUDDING Involves new individuals splitting off from existing ones
In this example, new individuals grow out from the body of a parent
The offspring may either detach from the parent , or remain joined, eventually forming a colony
Example – stony coral

5. SPORULATION
This is the process by which an organism produces reproductive cells (spores) by mitosis
The organism stores these cells in sporangia, which burst open to release spores that are capable of producing adult organisms (e.g., bread mould, Penicillium).
Sporulation can also be a sexual type of reproduction (e.g., gametophytes).

6. VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
This is the process by which a new organism is created from the roots, stems, or leaves of plants
For example:
rhizoids in moulds,
willow branches can develop roots and grow into a new tree,
runners in strawberry plants can sprout roots and develop into a new plant

7. FRAGMENTATION Fragmentation is another type of asexual reproduction
Involves the breaking of the body into several pieces, some which will develop into complete adults

8. REGENERATION
To be able to reproduce by fragmentation, it must be followed by regeneration – the regrowth of lost body parts
If an organism loses an appendage, and then re-grows it, they have not reproduced – since a new organism is not created
Some sea stars Linckia can develop new organisms from a single arm, so one single
animal can produce five new
offspring asexually

9. END OF LESSON
Project set-up