1. 1

2. 2 IAEA-Lycée Project 2009 “ATOMS FOR KIDS” Learn about the IAEA with Adam the atom Cross-disciplinary project Sciences & Geography in English European class 1 e S - Marie Malherbe Home made drawings by Antoine Humbert

3. 3 Table of contents Introduction: What is nuclear energy?p.4 By Fritz Hiesmayr and Gleb D’Yachkov Animation: What is a nuclear power plant?p.14 By Hadrien Titeux and Thomas Garnier When Adam becomes nasty: nuclear dangers p.15 By Sixtine Verpiot and Agnes Fastenbauer Adam and the Inspectorp.21 By Alexandra Perricos and Rhea Jabbour Adam the Green: nuclear energy and environmentp.31 By Zineb Maazouzi and Cecile Bouly Adam for food : the example of the fruit fliesp.41 By Sarah Glaser and Gleb D’Yachkov Adam for food : a comicp.48 By Gilles Rainer and Ferhat Dahmani Adam and the Doctor: atoms for medical purposesp.51 By Remi Michel and Matthieu Gelan The quiz : Did you pay attention?p.62 By Fritz Hiesmayr & the whole team Aknowledgementsp.70 Summaryp.72

4. 4 Introduction What is nuclear energy ? Hey kids! Hop on board the atom train! We just arrived at the NUCLEAR ENERGY STATION: We will now learn something about the ENERGY in me and my family, the ATOMS!

5. 5 Hi, my name is ADAM, and I’m an ATOM. I’m very very small, so small, in fact, that you cannot even see me! But my brothers and sisters are everywhere, and we have a very special role, here, let me show you…

6. 6 YOU are made of millions and millions of tiny little things called ATOMS, in fact, every object in this whole universe is made of atoms – Imagine atoms like “Lego” blocks, and that everything is made of them.

7. 7 There are hundreds of types of ATOMS, and every one has its own characteristics; like humans, we look different, but we’re all human. If you combine ATOMS, you can get a MOLECULE, which are the different building blocks of the universe. – Like 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1 Oxygen atom make a H2O molecule, what we call WATER!

8. 8 ATOMS are built in the following way: They have a core of PROTONS and NEUTRONS that are tightly bound together by ENERGY, and are circled by ELECTRONS.

9. 9 In spite of being SOOO small we are SOOO energetic. Look at this: Let us first take a look at my belly. Scientists call it my core. There are many PROTONS and NEUTRONS in there, which you can think of as little balls. They are held together veeeeeery strongly, exactly as the water in a balloon is being held together.

10. 10 Scientists decided to use the ENERGY binding the ATOMS together as ENERGY we can use to power various objects.

11. 11 The core of the atom seems to have the right size for every atom. But some elements, for example my brothers URANIUM and PLUTONIUM, are almost too big. It is the same with balloons, you can as much water as you want to in the balloon, but you realize that there is a size where an ATOM is about to pop. If you add a few more drops, the balloon will pop! Boom! And all the water you put in the balloon flies out in every direction. 1 2 3

12. 12 It is the same with atoms: If you add only one more PROTON or NEUTRON, the core of the balloon will explode: This is NUCLEAR FISSION. And everything spreads out, including neutrons that will make further atoms explode the same way…and so forth, like dominoes. This whole process releases much precious ENERGY… that scientists know how to collect. Bye kids! Have fun on the rest of your journey!

13. 13 Sources http://science.howstuffworks.com/atom.htm Pictures taken from : http://www.cfo.doe.gov/me70/manhattan/piles_plutonium.htm http://membres.lycos.fr/phymie/ www.eskom.co.za/nuclear_energy/fuel/atom.jpg http://www.coloradocollege.edu/dept/PC/RepresentativePhy/Pages/power.htm http://www.partydomain.co.uk/d-commerce/media/thumb/Q/Q43740.jpg http://higherdreams.blogspot.com/ http://embedded-system.net/embedded-system/images/lego-wedo-airplane.jpg http://melton.ca/samples/images/hmmath/water_bottle.jpg

14. 14 What is a nuclear power plant ? How does it actually work ? Here is a little game to check if you can deal with a nuclear power plant of your own ! Have a try with the zip file attached to this CD… and have fun !

15. 15 Hiroshima before August 6th, 1945, dropping of « Little Boy ». Nagasaki before August, 9th 1945, dropping of « Fat Man ». HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI, 1945 So kids, you all understood what gigantic energy can be produced with us atoms. But what if I am used for destructive purposes? This is what American Scientists discovered. During WWII they successfully built the first atomic BOMB, nicknamed « Little Boy » and « Fat Man », using the energy of plenty of atoms just like me… But for destructive purposes. At the end of the war, US President Truman decided to drop this little atomic monster on the Empire of Japan, America’s enemy at the time. ADAM THE NASTY ATOM Location of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan

16. 16 Hiroshima after the explosion. Nagasaki after the explosion. I killed approximately 210 000 people and destroyed two entire cities… I CAN BE A VERY BAD GUY!!!!!!!!! This is what I looked like after the explosion, on the 6th and 9th of August 1945. Now you see why they called me « Nuclear mushroom »… …and here was the result :

17. 17 The Chernobyl disaster Some 41 years after the bombings on Japan another major nuclear explosion happened in Chernobyl, Ukraine, on the 26th of April 1986. But this was not intentional, this was an accident. This was when I created the worst nuclear plant disaster EVER! Chernobyl nuclear reactor after the disaster. Reactor 4 (image centre). Turbine building (image lower left). Reactor 3 (centre right) This is the region in Ukraine where it happened, only 110 km away from the capital Kiev.

18. 18 NIARK NIARk NIArk NIark Niark niark The fallout from the explosion extended over western Europe. The 2005 report prepared by the Chernobyl Forum led by the IAEA and the WHO (World Health Organisation), attributed 56 direct deaths (47 accident workers, and nine children with cancer), and estimated that there may be 4,000 extra cancer deaths among the approximately 600,000 most highly exposed people. But some NGOs (Non Governmental Organizations) have other estimates of the number of people who died from related cancer, some of them up to 93,000. Tell exactly to what extent the cancers were related to the explosion is difficult. This remains a very controversial issue. The cloud of Chernobyl over Europe.

19. 19 During the Cold War (1945-1989) the USSR and the USA started building more and more bombs, leading to a dangerous “arms race”. Today, total nuclear arsenals are estimated at 27 000 nuclear bombs, primarily in the hands of Russia and the United States. The IAEA was created in 1957 to protect the world from “Nasty Adam”. One of its three pillars is to make sure that countries do not use nuclear power to make bombs or teach other countries how to make them. Nasty Adam controlled by the IAEA In 2005, the IAEA and its Secretary General Mohammed El Baradei, were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Today the IAEA counts 146 member States and 189 countries have ratified a very important treaty written in 1968 called the NPT (Non-Proliferation Treaty), which allows the IAEA inspectors to access nuclear facilities to check that nuclear power is only used for peaceful purposes.

20. 20 Sources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster (Reactor’s picture + Information about Chernobyl)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki (nuclear mushroom’s picture + information about Hiroshima and Nagasaki)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki http://www.neutron.kth.se/gallery/chernobyl/ (Chernobyl scientist + what he says)http://www.neutron.kth.se/gallery/chernobyl/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_nuclear_power_plant (verification of what he says)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_nuclear_power_plant "IAEA Report". In Focus: Chernobyl. http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/Focus/Chernobyl/. Retrieved on 2008-05-31."IAEA Report". In Focus: Chernobyl. http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/Focus/Chernobyl/. Retrieved on 2008-05-31. The Chernobyl Forum: 2003-2005. Chernobyl's Legacy: Health, Environmental, and Socio- Economic Impacts and Recommendations to the Governments of Belarus, the Russian Federation and UkrainePDF. IAEA. 2nd revised version. pg. 6The Chernobyl Forum: 2003-2005. Chernobyl's Legacy: Health, Environmental, and Socio- Economic Impacts and Recommendations to the Governments of Belarus, the Russian Federation and UkrainePDF. IAEA. 2nd revised version. pg. 6 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chernobyl_placement.svg (map of Europe Chernobyl)http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chernobyl_placement.svg http://www.japanfocus.org/_Peter_J__Kuznick- Defending_the_Indefensible__A_Meditation_on_the_Life_of_Hiroshima_Pilot_Paul_Tibbe ts__Jr_/ (Nagasaki’s picture after)http://www.japanfocus.org/_Peter_J__Kuznick- Defending_the_Indefensible__A_Meditation_on_the_Life_of_Hiroshima_Pilot_Paul_Tibbe ts__Jr_/ http://www.aasc.ucla.edu/cab/200708150001.html (Nagasaki’s picture before)http://www.aasc.ucla.edu/cab/200708150001.html http://www.companysj.com/v231/august6.htm (Hiroshima’s picture after)http://www.companysj.com/v231/august6.htm http://www.cfo.doe.gov/me70/manhattan/hiroshima_animation.htm (Hiroshima’s picture before)http://www.cfo.doe.gov/me70/manhattan/hiroshima_animation.htm http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2006-05/31/content_604730.htm (Baradei’s picture)http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2006-05/31/content_604730.htm http://www.cfact-europe.org/thisweeksfeature_24.html (Chernobyl disaster niark....)http://www.cfact-europe.org/thisweeksfeature_24.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty (number of countries that have ratified the treaty)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty

21. 21 Adam and the inspector It was a very hot day in May when curious ADAM, the little ATOM, went to visit his friend Susie at her school in Vienna. As soon as the bell rang, Susie, who seemed to be very excited, joined Adam in the hall. “Adam, Adam! Guess what I’ve just learned! Mr. Patricks, my chemistry teacher, taught us all about nuclear energy. It was such an interesting lesson! she said amused. - Are you sure that you really know EVERYTHING on this topic? Adam replied mysteriously, I can show you something really cool your classmates won’t have a chance to see, believe me Susie. Come, follow me!” After getting her mom’s permission, Susie and Adam took a flight to Brazil, where they started their thrilling adventure.

22. 22 The plane landed in Sao Paulo early in the morning. As soon as they got off, the little girl kept showering Adam with questions on the way to their unknown destination: “Where are we going? Where are you taking me? Susie asked impatiently. - Just look in front of you. We’ve arrived!” I’m so excited!! ! Oh, me too! I can’t wait to show you my surprise!! Adam and Susie in a Brazilian airplane

23. 23 In fact, they stood in front of a huge NUCLEAR FACILITY, where smoke was coming out of the roof. Adam and Susie in front of a nuclear facility * * see bibliography

24. 24 At the entrance, a young man in a white lab coat greeted the two visitors: “Hi Adam, my dear friend! Long time, no see! Oh, and you must be Susie. My name is Mr. Clue. I am an inspector for the international atomic energy agency, the IAEA in Vienna. -Oh! My mom works there too, she declared enthusiastically, but say, what is an inspector? - That’s a very interesting question. How about I show you?” Thereupon, they entered together the facility and Mr. Clue started his tour: “Do you see these containers over there in the corner? Well, that is where the facilities keep some very special atoms. -Oh! You’re talking about my brothers Uri Uranium and Pluto Plutonium, aren’t you? Adam asked.

25. 25 -That’s right! You can differentiate them by their number of protons: Uri has 92 protons and Pluto 94. We find them as solids, liquids or even powder in some facilities. In this form, they’re not dangerous at all, even though they always emit certain short rays we call alpha and beta radiation. But I’m sure you’ve heard about nuclear energy. Well, nuclear energy is created with the help of Adam’s siblings. Uri and Pluto are stocked in small pellets which are put into metal boxes. Lots and lots of these boxes are piled up in long tubes that we call fuel elements. These tubes are hidden in the centre of the reactor. -What happens then? Susie asked. -Uri and Pluto are not very happy in their new home and tend to get very angry… That’s when they start emitting longer and much stronger radiations that can harm people: these are the gamma radiations. That’s the beginning of nuclear energy. The problem is that this energy can also be used for bombs. My job as an inspector of the IAEA is therefore to make sure that these two materials are not used for military purposes.

26. 26 This is why a major international agreement was signed in 1968 to stop the spread of nuclear bombs all around the world: the “Non Proliferation Treaty” (NPT). The countries who signed it promise not to misuse the material and allow us inspectors to inspect their nuclear facilities and make sure that the energy produced there is only used for peaceful purposes. Some countries also sign an additional protocol, which gives our organisation more rights for inspections. Signature of the NPT, 1968

27. 27 -But how can you find out how much material they really have? Susie wanted to know. - First we have this tool called “non destructive assay” that measures the radioactivity that is emitted by Uri and Pluto in the fuel elements. That way we can tell how much material is stocked in there. Then, you have to know, that Adam’s brothers really enjoy walking around the facility. But they are very clumsy and leave their footprints everywhere, on the floor, the walls, the doors... - But Adam, don’t you have soooooo many relatives in soooo many countries? Susie asked. -That’s right! My cousins live in France, the USA, Russia, China, Great Britain, N… Adam replied. - Exactly, that’s the problem. There are thousands of facilities all around the world. Most of them have to tell us precisely how many cousins live there, but there are only 250 inspectors to make sure they are telling the truth. Usually one or two inspectors go at a time. If a facility is really huge, the IAEA sends a bigger team. However, the five weapon states, France, the USA, Russia, China and Great Britain, do not have to submit to IAEA inspections, except for very specific locations.

28. 28 So, to verify that they haven’t wandered off into any hidden rooms, we use a cotton pad to swipe these very dusty surfaces, where we can identify the presence of up to ten year old radiation. We’re like the detectives from CSI. This makes it really difficult for countries to hide anything from us.” the inspector declared. -Oh! CSI!! That’s my favorite show!! - Really? Mine too. Well, like these detectives we walk around the whole facility, even outside where we take different samples of the environment. You see if a country for example promises us that they will not use this particular facility, but we find traces of radiation on the flowers around, we can tell the IAEA, that this country lied. We collect flowers, plants and earth in little tubes, like those here, which we then send to the lab in Seibersdorf, near Vienna, to be analysed by experts. Adam showing Susie the little tubes

29. 29 This concludes our tour! I have to fly back to Vienna this afternoon to give my report to the IAEA. So, if you don’t mind, I will accompany you. - Oh, we’d love to have you around on our way back! Adam said. The inspector fulfilled his plan and five hours later, the three friends were sitting in the plane, on the way to Vienna. Little Susie looked out the window, sighed and finally said: “When I grow up, I want to become an inspector too!” - But first, there’s one more thing I have to do. I want to make sure that while I’m gone, no one enters this room to use the material here without permission. That is why we have installed special cameras that monitor the activities in this room. I will also close it with a special metal lock called a “seal”, that is the size of a coin. If anybody tries to detach the seal, we would know about it because there’d be different scratches on it.” Seal of the IAEA

30. 30 Adam and the inspector http://www.halias.fr/en/img/nuclear-power-plant.jpg http://www.williamdemarest.com/images/BAC1-11/vasp-bac111- 1.jpghttp://www.williamdemarest.com/images/BAC1-11/vasp-bac111- 1.jpg http://lanternofhope.com/images/Footprints.gif http://www.acousticbulletin.com/FR/LOUPE.jpg http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2005/0709/coon/iaea _seal.jpghttp://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2005/0709/coon/iaea _seal.jpg http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/dossiers/non- proliferation-nucleaire-desarmement/img/traite-interdiction- essais-.jpghttp://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/dossiers/non- proliferation-nucleaire-desarmement/img/traite-interdiction- essais-.jpg a book Safeguards Techniques and Equipment 2 pictures drawn by Alexandra Perricos and Rhéa Jabbour Information taken from: - a class lecture by A. Evrensel and G. Verlini - and from Mr Perricos

31. 31 Hi kids! Now you know a lot about nuclear energy!! Sounds really great, doesn’t it??...and scary too… But do you know that it can be also very friendly and useful for the environment? That’s when they call me Adam the Green! Don’t you believe me ? Let me give you some examples … Adam The Green

32. 32 First, do you know what the environment is? It is just everything that is around you like trees, animals, water, air… It’s all made of atoms, of course.

33. 33 Indeed but I read in your book the environment is more and more in danger ? Is this true ? Yes, it is, unfortunately… Our planet is very polluted by all the gases coming from cars, factories, airplanes... Environment is a major concern nowadays, we do have to protect it.

34. 34 Take the example of a country wanting to produce more energy. A traditional coal plant for instance would produce a lot of CO2 emissions contributing to the greenhouse effect. With a nuclear power plant you can get the same amount of energy without any greenhouse effect ! But there is more : the IAEA can even improve the quality of our environment with nuclear technology…

35. 35 Green…what?! Greenhouse effect… Look : the Sun sends solar energy to the Earth. Our planet is surrounded by a layer of gases, called the atmosphere. In our atmosphere, there is carbon dioxide (CO2), a gas which holds part of the solar energy at the surface of the earth and keeps an average temperature of 15°C. It’s called the natural greenhouse effect. Without this natural greenhouse effect, there would be an average temperature of -18°C and life couldn’t exist!!

36. 36 But the many gases coming from increasing human activities (cars, airplanes, factories), contribute to the increase of carbon dioxide on earth…creating TOO MUCH greenhouse effect. Too much CO2  too much warmth kept in Too much warmth is kept within the atmosphere, which leads to global warming… …responsible for unsettled global climate, melting glaciers, more and more frequent natural disasters and other unbalanced phenomena. Normal situation

37. 37 But there is also a problem. Some radiations, like those from nuclear waste for instance, can be very dangerous if uncontrolled. This is why the IAEA is working hard to protect human beings, like you, as well as the environment from dangerous radiations.

38. 38 This is why the IAEA advises countries that the nuclear waste is safely disposed of, for example buried in underground depositaries.

39. 39 …And there are many other possible uses of for nuclear energy. Just to give you an example : nuclear radiations can help change salted water into drinkable water! This is called desalination of water… very precious for the countries with access to the sea! Sounds very promising, doesn’t it..?

40. 40 Sources www.iaea.org (for our text and explanations) Files and flyers from the IAEA agency http://img.1.vacanceo.net/classic/125432.jpg http://ile-de-la-reunion.info/photos/im/bassin-riviere.jpg (picture of water)http://ile-de-la-reunion.info/photos/im/bassin-riviere.jpg http://loloanna.free.fr/photos/animaux-photos-animaux- sauvages/photos-animaux-sauvages%20(2).jpg (picture of animal)http://loloanna.free.fr/photos/animaux-photos-animaux- sauvages/photos-animaux-sauvages%20(2).jpg http://images.google.fr/imgres?imgurl=http://ddvaleurs.n euf.fr/Climat/EffetDeSerre.gif&imgrefurl=http://ddvaleurs. neuf.fr/Climat/Climat.html&us (to explain the greenhouse effect)http://images.google.fr/imgres?imgurl=http://ddvaleurs.n euf.fr/Climat/EffetDeSerre.gif&imgrefurl=http://ddvaleurs. neuf.fr/Climat/Climat.html&us

41. Adam for food Let me show you a particular case in which atoms can be used for the good of society. The peaceful use of atomic energy can help you in your daily life.

42. Did you know that some insects destroy citrus fruits and other fruits? The female fly usually lays her eggs in fruits, like oranges, tangerines, grapefruits or peaches. These eggs become worms which feed on the fruit for days. They ruin the fruit from the inside. The problem is, when the farmers discover the worms, they just throw the fruit away… But the worms can still survive and stay in the fruit until they become flies. Knowing that a female fly can lay up to 25 eggs per day… These flies become a serious harm to fruit farms!!! Female flies laying their eggs A fruit destroyed by the larvae

43. However for countries like Spain or Israel, selling these fruits is crucial for their economy… which is terribly damaged by these flies. What can we do about this??? Insecticides are expensive and can harm the environment, and that‘s not good... But there IS a smarter solution!

44. 44 In Seibersdorf, a place near Vienna, there is a great research center for nuclear energy. The flies develop from larvae to pupae (grown up larvae close to becoming adult flies)… and that is the point when they are exposed to radiations… Larvae that will become female and male flies are separated by colour : only the male flies are irradiated! In the IAEA labs in Seibersdorf, specific technology is developed to successfully irradiate male flies. To test this technology, there are special heated dark rooms where the development of all pupae is synchronized, so that they can all be irradiated at a same stage of their development. Once the methods are checked, the countries that need it can be provided with these advanced technological package to be able to handle their problems… Boxes where the pupea are seperated by colour A scientist checking on the pupea

45. Scientists working for the IAEA found out a way to sterilize the male pupae with nuclear radiation, so that the future flies can‘t reproduce. This reduces the fly population, without endangering the balance of nature. But how does it work? They expose the pupea that will become male flies to nuclear radiation composed of particles coming from atoms like me, and we attack special cells, which prevent flies from multiplying. Pupea being irradiated

46. In the end, everyone seems to be happy. The people who sell the fruits and the ones who buy them, the fruit that remains healthy and the flies can live on without being harmful to the fruits. But there is still a lot of work to be done. The IAEA provides some countries with developed technology and transmit their” know-how" without being paid for it - This is a great present to help develop their economy. In this case, nuclear energy is used as an alternative to expensive chemicals that, while eradicating the fly population, also endangers the environment… A fruit stand

47. 47 Radiation on flies www.iaea.org http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http: //www.topnews.in/health/files/Fruit- Flies.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.topnews.in/he alth/scientists-unveil-dramatic-difference- between-humans-and-fruit-flies- 22485&usg=__v_- o3EyKY8mn7tURA4rqyLKVNGo=&h=389&w=6 00&sz=34&hl=fr&start=19&tbnid=dtng0PEbO v9c7M:&tbnh=88&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3 Fq%3Dflies%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Dfrhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http: //www.topnews.in/health/files/Fruit- Flies.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.topnews.in/he alth/scientists-unveil-dramatic-difference- between-humans-and-fruit-flies- 22485&usg=__v_- o3EyKY8mn7tURA4rqyLKVNGo=&h=389&w=6 00&sz=34&hl=fr&start=19&tbnid=dtng0PEbO v9c7M:&tbnh=88&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3 Fq%3Dflies%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Dfr

48. 48

49. 49

50. 50

51. 51

52. 52 One day at the hospital

53. 53 The doctor: Hello Madam. How are you doing today? The patient: Oh I am not feeling very well. I think there is something wrong with me. The doctor: OK, I am going to examine you. We’ve got a pretty useful machine over there. Adam the Atom will help me. ADAM !

54. 54 Adam: Hi! What’s up doc? The patient: Hi, this lady is sick. I need to examine her. Adam: Ok let’s go to the P.E.T. machine! Radioactivity will help me find what is wrong. The patient: Aouah! This BIG machine?

55. 55 The doctor: It will be all right. It is just like a scan. Adam: Let’s go! One of the possibilities to diagnose you is to take a series of pictures with CT or MRI scans… The doctor : …or use the machine with gamma-camera. Yes, let’s do this ! Adam : Ok doc ! So Madam, would you please take this radioactive sugar first to help me detect if there are bad cells in your body with the PET machine ?

56. 56 Adam indeed goes into the body of the patient… http://www.nepetimaging.com/images/pet-ct-machine.jpg PET-CT machine Position Emission Tomography – Computed Tomography

57. 57 A doctor: It’s over Madam. Please just wait for a minute. The patient: No problemo doctor.

58. 58 Adam: Doctor, doctor, I found what is wrong with this patient. With the Gamma-camera we see that some bad cells reacted to the radioactive sugar. This lady has cancer. But I need another machine, where my radiations are gathered a way that helps us fight against that cancer.

59. 59 They go to the patient. The patient: Oh! Great you are back ! Is it serious doctor ? The doctor: I have some bad news and some good news. The bad news : you have cancer. Adam: And the good news : I can do something for you ! Look at my belly, it can produce lots of radiations that can kill the bad cells. So I can cure you with the Linear Accelerator over there and the doctor will target those nasty cells. There is some secondary effects but don’t panic! The patient: Okay! We don’t have to lose a second!

60. 60 Adam is going straight away into the body of the patient. Adam: There they are! The bad cells! Let me destroy them all! Adam produces some radiation…and then comes out of the body. http://forums.futura-sciences.com/attachments/tpe-tipe-autres-travaux/55844d1222205169-tpe-experience-accelerateur-de-particules-onco1therap.jpg Linear Accelerator

61. 61 Adam: And now the work is done! The patient : Thank you doctor! But I am feeling so tired… The doctor: Don’t worry, this is normal. You’ll be checked soon anyway: We need to study how your body reacts to this in the long run. Thank you for your help Adam. Adam: My pleasure ! Bye and good luck for the treatment!

62. 62 QUIZ

63. 63 Question 1: What is an atom? A green banana. The tiny little pieces we are all made of. The core of the little pieces we are made of. The body part between your wrist and your elbow. Question 2: Is love made out of atoms? No. Yes. Question 3: Which one is not an element of the atom? Neutron. Proton. Boktron. Electron. Question 4: What do you get when you put a few atoms together? A molecule. A nucleus. An electron. A zork. Question 5: What atoms are used for nuclear energy? Atoms with hard cores: so-called hardcore atoms. Uranium and Plutonium. All atoms are used for nuclear energy, it changes from facility to facility. Plutonium and Natrium.

64. 64 Question 6: Where were the atomic bombs sent to? Russia Italy Germany Japan Question 7: By whom were the atomic bombs sent? France Tyrol The United States of America USSR Question 8: Next to which big city is Chernobyl located? Hiroshima Rio de Janeiro Kiev None, it is located somewhere in the Pampa.

65. 65 Question 9: What is the document called they have to sign if they want the help from the IAEA? It is called “Non Proliferation Treaty” or NPT. It is called “We will not use nuclear energy for bad purposes” or WWNUNEFBP. The treaty does not have an official name, but unofficially, it is simply called “IAEA treaty”. Question 10: What is the inspector’s job? To dance in a circus. To detect the misuse of atoms. To hug trees. To arrest the bad guys (shoot them if he needs to). Question 11: What building do Adam and Susie visit in Sao Paulo? They visit a nuclear facility. They do not visit a building, they only go to the beach. They go to Adam’s house. Question 12: In what town is the biggest IAEA laboratory located? Timbuktu, Mali Tradiccettu, Corsica Thurry-Harcourt, France Seibersdorf, Austria. Question 13: Which are an inspector’s main tools? A frying pan. A flying pen. Non-destructive assay (what’s that?), a seal (not the animal), swipes, little tubes. A neutron-powered thermoretrostatic ionizing gun.

66. 66 Question 14: What is environment? The environment is… Only the air that we breathe. Just everything that is around you like trees, animals, water, air… A strange being, like a Pokemon. Question 15: What does Adam do for the environment? He tries to… destroy the area we live in. protect the environment from dangerous radiation. expose the environment to a maximum of radiation. Question 16: Why are nuclear power plants dangerous for the environment? Because nuclear power plants are ugly buildings which ruin the landscape. Because they smell like Stinky Pete’s feet. Because they produce waste like every factory, only that their waste is extremely dangerous.

67. 67 Question 17: Why are the flies a major issue which can be solved with nuclear technologies? Because they fly around everyone’s head in the summer and that is annoying. Because the cows produce less milk when the flies annoy them. The flies eat fruits and therefore diminish a country’s fruit production. Question 18: What is the consequence of the fly population being exposed to radiation? They get crazy and eat all their friends, which reduces the population. They lose their fertility so they can not make babies anymore, which would also reduce the population. Nothing, but it is fun to do it because they change colour. Question 19: At which state is the fly irradiated? At the pupae state, the third state of a fly. At the larva state, the second state of a fly. The state is not important; they just adapt the power of radiation to it. When they are dead, because there is no coffee left. Question 20: And why? Because they start glowing when irradiated at that state. Because they blow up, which scientists like very much… Because they can not move at that state. Why not?

68. 68 Question 21: How come so much food is consumed in China ? The population is already very big and is still increasing very fast. Because we eat their food in Chinese restaurants. They can not eat fast enough with their chopsticks. Question 22: What do you get when you expose crops to nuclear radiation? Nothing changes. Teenage Ninja Mutant Plants. Sometimes dead plants sometimes mutant plants.

69. 69 Question 23: What was wrong with the Patient ? She had a headache She had cancer. She wanted to meet Adam. Question 24: What did Adam to detect the bad cells? He located the bad cells. He just randomly picked them. The doctor told him which cells were bad. Question 25: What did Adam do in order to cure the Patient? He didn’t do anything: the machine did it. He destroyed the bad cells. He operated on her.

70. 70 Aknowledgements With our warmest thanks to the IAEA for responding to this project and welcoming us, for allowing us to use IAEA pictures and documents, in particular to Mrs. R. Perricos for her enthusiasm and response, to Mrs. E. Dobie-Sarsam for her kind and efficient coordination, excellent logistics and programme organizing, to Mr A. Evrensel for his excellent lecture at the IAEA, to Mr G. Verlini for his patient advice, presence, thorough reading and precious corrections, to Mr A. Schwanhäuser, Mr C. Mba, Mr V. Wornoayporn for their excellent lectures and tour of the IAEA laboratories in Seibersdorf.

71. 71 Visit to the IAEA Laboratories at Seibersdorf by French Lycee (DAHMANI Ferhat, FASTENBAUER Agnes, GELAN Mathieu, GLASER Sarah, MAAZOUZI Zineb, MICHEL Rémi, TITEUX Hadrien, VERPIOT Sixtine, BOULY Cécile, D’YACHKOV Gleb, HIESMAYR Fritz, HUMBERT Antoine, JABBOUR Rhea, MARTIN Thomas, PERRICOS Alexandra, RAINER Gilles, Teacher : MALHERBE Marie) & MTPI staff member (VERLINI Giovanni, WEBB Greg) Tuesday, 12th May 2009 PROGRAMME 13:30Arrival at Seibersdorf 13:30 – 15:00Lab Tours 13:30 – 14:15Plant Breeding(Mr. Mba) 14:15 – 14:35Entomology(Mr. Jessup) 14:35 – 15:00Dosimetry Unit(Mr. Girzikowksy) 15:00 – 15:30SAL-Video (Mr. Schwanhaeusser) Questions and Answers on SAL 15:30 – 15:45Clean Laboratory(Mr. Schwanhaeusser) 16:00Departure to Vienna

72. 72 well…he will lead you throughout this journey! …. Or even get very angry and dangerous… Accompany Susie and Adam the atom on their visit to a nuclear power plant and discover the various uses of nuclear energy. Adam will show you he can be a doctor, a green environmentalist, a food engeneer and an inspector