1. A N I NTRODUCTION TO O RGANIC S OLAR C ELLS Alexander Parker

2. W HY D O W E N EED S OLAR ? Population (Billion) Source: Google Public Data Source: BP

3. W HY D O W E N EED S OLAR ?

4. T YPES O F S OLAR C ELL Inorganic devices: 24.7% Polymer devices: 8% Dye Sensitised devices: 11% Thin film organic devices: 9.8%

5. O RGANIC D EVICES : A H ISTORY Single layer (MIM): 0.5% Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS): 0.7% Bilayer: 0.95% (Tang) Tandem cell : 9.8 %

6. O RGANIC D EVICES : P RINCIPALS O F O PERATION Anode Electrode DonorAcceptor Cathode Electrode 1. Absorption of a photon 2. Formation of an exciton 3. Diffusion of the exciton 4. Dissociation of the exciton 5. Charge transport 6. Charge collection

7. O RGANIC D EVICES : A RCHITECTURE Bilayer Inverted Bulk Heterojunction

8. O RGANIC D EVICES : M ATERIALS Donors Copper pthalocyanine (CuPc) Boro Subthalocyanine Chloride (SubPc) Acceptors C 60 Extracting materials Bathocuproine (BCP) Molybdoenum Oxide (MoO x )

9. P ROJECT D IRECTIONS : T RANSITION M ETAL O XIDES Transition metal oxides widely used in organic devices. ITO electrode Zn extracting layer MoO x Aim to use Aluminium doped Zinc Oxide for several purposes Replace BCP Replace ITO