1. Drafting, Cleaning, and Seasoning Your CARP Writing the Rough Draft

2. Rough Draft Format  MLA format:  Size 12 Times New Roman  Double-spaced  1” margins  MLA Title Page (see CARP Packet)  Last name page number in upper right-hand corner (but NOT on title page). This should be in the header.  MLA heading on p. 1  Title of paper centered on p. 1, NOT underlined or bolded or italicized  Works Cited page numbering continues from rest of paper  Example of MLA-formatted paper Example of MLA-formatted paper

3. In-Text Citations  Your in-text citations should align with the first item in each citation on the Works Cited Page.  For example…  Ansen, David. "Hitchcock's Greatest Reborn." Newsweek. 20 Oct 1996: n. page. Web. 26 Feb. 2014..  (Ansen 5)  "Vertigo." IMDb. IMDb.com, Inc., n.d. Web. 26 Feb 2014..  (“Vertigo” par. 5) This citation indicates a title (in quotes), just as it appears on the Works Cited Page. This source does not have an author, so we use the title for the in-text citation.

4. In-Text Citations  When writing your paper, you must cite every piece of research—paraphrases and quotes.  It is better to over-cite than under-cite.  Cite anything that is not your own information/idea.  Try to use variety in how you introduce and cite your information:  For instance, Newsweek author David Ansen explains that Vertigo’s impact went beyond its on-screen drama; it introduced lasting themes that have since been replicated in the film industry and beyond (par. 5).  Note: This source did not have page numbers, so I used a paragraph citation.  Note: The period is placed after the parenthetical citation.  Note: I cited this even though it is a paraphrase—because it is still research information, not my own idea.  Note: I included only the paragraph in the citation because I named the author prior to the fact/evidence. This can be achieved the same way with a title if there is no author.

5. In-Text Citations  Another approach:  Vertigo may have been considered racy at the time, but Hitchcock’s genius prevailed in the film’s “indelible metaphor for the objectification of desire” (Ansen par. 5).  Note: I cited the author’s last name in the citation this time because I did NOT mention his name prior to the quote.  Note: The period is AFTER the citation.  Note: Here, I blended a paraphrase and a quote. I still cited the material.  Cite all research—paraphrases, direct quotes, and blendings of the two.  Anything that is not your own words MUST be in quotation marks!

6. In-Text Citations: Indirect Sources  What if you are citing a direct quote, but the source’s author is not the person who said the quote?  Here’s what you do:  Jim Jones, an esteemed movie critic, deemed Vertigo a “masterpiece of unprecedented thematic import” (qtd. in Ansen 5).  For more examples, see the OWL at Purdue.see the OWL at Purdue.

7. Writing the Paper: Finding a Balance  Let your sources speak…  You can’t just make claims; you have to support your claims with the research.  Use numerous sources in order to fully prove your thesis.  Each piece of evidence should move your paper one step forward in proving your argument.  When using a full-length direct quote (a complete idea), attribute the information to the speaker.  According to Ansen,…  Ansen makes a startling claim…  For instance, Ansen argues,…  Long direct quotes (four lines or more) should be indented (.5” left). This is called a block quote. Block quotes do NOT use quotation marks. See example at OWL at Purdue.See example at OWL at Purdue  Please do NOT use epigraph quotes. All quotes should be smoothly integrated into the text of the paper.  …without shoving you aside.  Your paper should be a balance of fact and commentary—of research and your explanation of the research.  Your words come through as you explain how the evidence proves the point.  Don’t just expect your reader to understand the point; build the link for your reader.

8. Writing the Paper: Cohesion  Transitions  Your paragraphs should be ordered in a logical way. They should not be randomly organized.  They should instead be an inevitable series of interlocking arguments that build to a convincing point.  The junctions between paragraphs need to demonstrate links.  This can be done by using transitional words and/or phrases. See this list of transitions.See this list of transitions.  This can also be achieved by demonstrating the link at the end of one paragraph and the beginning of the next.  Metadiscourse: transitions and signal phrases (RG Chapter 7)  Between sections: connect points to ones made in previous paragraphs with transitions and signal words.  Within sections: subtly show the relationships among ideas. (similar, equal, likewise, moreover, additionally, etc.)

9. Writing the Paper: The Introduction  A college-level paper does not rely on cutesy rhetorical questions and “Imagine if” statements to draw in the reader.  Your paper should open with something captivating, and compelling, but also professional.  After hooking the reader, be sure to provide necessary contextual information.  What does the reader need to know about my topic in order to understand my thesis and overall argument?  Are there any key terms I need to define?  Is some biographical information necessary?  Lead naturally to your thesis statement, which should be near the end of your introductory paragraph.

10. Reminders  Stay in third person! No I, me, you, our, we, etc.  Numbers between one and ninety-nine are written out; 100 and up, use #s  If you’re using which correctly, it should be preceded by a comma. (She subdued the peasants’ rebellion, which had threatened her power.)  Officeholders’ titles are only capitalized when used as part of their name. (President Bush won the 2004 presidential election. The president attended a meeting this morning).  Avoid:  Generalizations and vagueness (things, a lot, kind of, very, the people)  Using so as an “infinite modifier” (MLK was so eloquent.)  Clichéd transitions: “firstly”, “secondly”, any form of “conclude”  Absolutes (always/never) and fawning (“flawless”, “impeccable”, “perfect”  Apostrophe errors. You should know how to properly punctuate possessives, so errors in this category will prove catastrophic to your grade.  Typos of any kind. Spell- and grammar-check your paper! Even though this is a rough draft, you are expected to edit and revise your work. You will be turning this in for a score out of 50 WHOPPING points!

11. Closing Notes  Please refer to your CARP packet for the rough draft rubric.  You will peer edit your rough draft on Monday, March 10. (Please bring a full-length, accurate, printed rough draft that day).  You will turn in the peer-edited rough draft and an updated version on Tuesday, March 11. This will be for a 50-point grade.  If you have any questions, use your resources first; then come ask.  Your Works Cited page and in-text citations need to be PERFECT in the rough draft.  If there is a source in your paper that is NOT on the Works Cited page, you are going to be a sorry soul.  If there is a source on the Works Cited page that is NOT cited in the paper, you are going to be a sorry soul.  If you do not use five sources, one of which is a true scholarly article, you are going to be a sorry soul.