1. Madhav Rao (ECE) The University of Alabama Research Professors – Dr. John. C. Lusth (CS) Madhav Rao March 30 RRA: An audio format for single-source music and lyrics 1/26

2. Madhav Rao March 30 WAV FormatRRA Format Source: J.C. Lusth. Songlib: A library for music programming across the computer science curriculum. In American Society for engineering Education, 2007. 2/26 RRA: Readily Readable audio MP3 Format Introduction to RRA format for audio

3. RRA format for audio Source: J. C. Lusth, http://beastie.cs.ua.edu/songlib/ Madhav Rao March 30 RRAUDIO % ………….. …………... Header Data 3/26 RRAUDIO ! Hohner Pocket Pal Harmonica ! D# ! recorded by Becky Smith sampleRate: 44100 bitsPerSample: 24 channels: 1 samples: 44100 % !amplitude begins 0 1 -2 ………….. …………... Default channels: 1 sampleRate: 44100 samples: 0 bitsPerSamples: 16

4. Madhav Rao March 30 4/26 RRAUDIO channels: 1 % ………….. …………... RRAUDIO channels: 2 % ………….. …………... RRAUDIO channels: 4 % RRA format for multiple channels: interleaved Source: J. C. Lusth, http://beastie.cs.ua.edu/songlib/

5. Madhav Rao March 30 arplay tool: native audio player for RRA files 5/26 Source: http://www.alsa-project.org/ arplay arplay ….. loop arplay ….. shuffle arplay …… | arplay arplay scaling

6. Madhav Rao March 30 Drums track developed for crozier song Drum Bass and Floor static void drumBassFloor() { drum(Q,bassinst,1); drum(Q,floorinst,1); drum(I,bassinst,1); drum(I,bassinst,1); drum(Q,floorinst,1); } 6/26

7. Madhav Rao March 30 Crash drum static void crashDrum () { drum(I,crashinst,1); } 7/26 Drums track developed for crozier song

8. Madhav Rao March 30 Drums track developed for crozier song int main() { openOutput("drum.rra",0,0); intro(); verse1(); refrainStart(); rest(Q); verse2(); refrain(); bridge(); refrainA(); rest(W+W); ending(); closeOutput(); return 0; } Crozier drum track 8/26

9. Madhav Rao March 30 Karaoke system developed in RRA backwards(1); addComment("!lGood people of this town..."); forwards(1); for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) drumBassFloor(); backwards(1); addComment("!lYou'd do well to gather around..."); forwards(1); for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) drumBassFloor(); 9/26

10. Madhav Rao March 30 Lyrics inserted in drum track of crozier song 0 !lGood people of this town... 0..... 1042 1025 1053 !lYou’d do well to gather around... 1039 1040 1072 lyrics inserted in RRA 10/26

11. Madhav Rao March 30 Lyrics displayed on screen while playing the drum track 11/26

12. Madhav Rao March 30 arplay program flow 12/26 Lyrics displayed on screen Samples passed to sound device

13. Madhav Rao March 30 RRAUDIO Samples: % …………... !amplify 10 ………….. …………... RRA based filters: amplify Amplified audio track Original audio track 13/26 test.rra rraamplify test.rra

14. RRAUDIO Samples: % …………... !drum snare pattern 8 Quarter length scaling 1.25 ………….. …………... RRA based processors: drum fillers Madhav Rao March 30 Audio track with added drum track on another channel Original audio track: mono channel data 14/26 test.rra rradrum test.rra

15. Madhav Rao March 30 Pattern 1 Quarter length Pattern 2 Quarter length Pattern 4 Quarter length Pattern 8 Quarter length 15/26

16. Madhav Rao March 30 Pattern 8 Quarter lengthPattern 8 Half length Pattern 8 Whole length 16/26

17. Madhav Rao March 30 RRAUDIO Samples: % …………... !compress 10 ………….. …………... RRA based filters: compression 17/26 test.rra rracompress test.rra

18. Madhav Rao March 30 RRAUDIO Samples: % …………... !crossover samples 11025 channels 0 1 ………….. …………... RRA based filters: crossover 18/26 test.rra rracrossover test.rra

19. Madhav Rao March 30 RRA based multiple filters: crossover, compress, amplify Original audio track Crossover Crossover-amplified- compressed Crossover- amplified 19/26

20. Madhav Rao March 30 RRA project used in CS150 in Fall 2009 Students were asked to develop code to strip the initial silence. The project involved: loops, file- operations such as reading and writing, and functions. Stepwise refinement method was included to complete the project. Initial silence Original audio track given to students Processed audio track 20/26

21. Madhav Rao March 30 Other RRA projects to students in the future RRA loop utility for first year programming students 21/26 Original audio track Looping over 10 times

22. Madhav Rao March 30 RRA add utility for first year programming students 22/26 Audio track 1 Audio track 2 Interleaved audio in a single track

23. Madhav Rao March 30 RRA add utility for first year programming students 23/26 Audio track 1 Audio track 2 Interleaved audio in a single track Interleaved audio in a single track with a flair of longer audio

24. Madhav Rao March 30 Conclusions 24/26 A readily readable audio format for single-source music and lyrics is demonstrated. A readily readable audio format is used in the University of Alabama to reproduce drums track of a complete song. A native RRA player is developed (arplay). An RRA based student project was used in CS150 curriculum in Fall 2009. Future student projects can be easily incorporated in introductory programming curriculum.

25. Madhav Rao March 30 Future work 25/26 A web based RRA interface needs to be developed with an inbuilt RRA VIEWER similar to audacity tool. A real time multimedia tools such as forwards, rewind, slow, fast needs to be developed.

26. Madhav Rao March 30 Acknowledgements 26/26 Thanks College of Engineering, UA. Thanks Computer Science Department, UA. Thanks Dr. Susan. L. Burkett (ECE), UA.