2. Meaning
The word Anzac is part of the culture of New Zealanders and Australians.
People talk about the 'spirit of Anzac'; there are Anzac biscuits, and rugby or rugby league teams from the two countries play an Anzac Day test. 
The word conjures up a shared heritage of two nations, but it also has a specific meaning.
Anzac is the acronym for Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.
This corps was created early in the Great War of 1914–18. In December 1914 the Australian Imperial Force and New Zealand Expeditionary Force stationed in Egypt were placed under the command of Lieutenant General William Birdwood.
Initially the term Australasian Corps was suggested, but Australians and New Zealanders were reluctant to lose their separate identities completely. No one knows who came up with the term Anzac. It is likely that Sergeant K.M. Little, a clerk at Birdwood's headquarters, thought of it for use on a rubber stamp: 'ANZAC' was convenient shorthand. Later the corps used it as their telegraph code word.

3. Meaning
The Anzacs first saw action at Gallipoli on 25 April The small cove where the Australian and New Zealand troops landed was quickly dubbed Anzac Cove.
Soon the word was being used to described all Australian and New Zealand soldiers who fought on the Gallipoli Peninsula.
Eventually it came to mean any Australian or New Zealand soldier.

4. Anzac Day
Anzac Day occurs on 25 April. It commemorates all New Zealanders and Australians killed in war and also honours returned servicemen and women.
The date itself marks the anniversary of the landing of New Zealand and Australian soldiers – the Anzacs – on the Gallipoli Peninsula in 1915.
Thousands lost their lives in the Gallipoli campaign: 87,000 Turks, 44,000 men from France and the British Empire, including 8,500 Australians and 2,721 New Zealanders (almost one in four of those who served on Gallipoli).
Anzac Day was first marked in 1916.
The day has seen many changes over the years. The ceremonies that are held at war memorials all over New Zealand and Australia, and in places overseas where New Zealanders and Australians gather, remain rich in tradition and ritual befitting a military funeral.

5. Outline Commemoration Service for ANZAC Day
Anzac Day Service
Outline Commemoration Service for ANZAC Day
(Brief version suitable for primary schools)
Introduction (2 minutes)
Hymn (2 minutes)
Prayer (1 minute)
An address by an ex Serviceman, Serving Member of the Defence Force, Local Dignitary, Teacher or Student
Wreath Laying
Ode
Last Post
Minute Silence
Reveille or Rouse
National Anthem
This service would take approximately 20 minutes depending on the length of speeches and prayers and the number of verses of hymns sung. The ceremony should normally take place in the morning. The introduction should briefly set the scene of the ANZAC Day remembrance. Prayers or Odes should be of remembrance, for peace and for the future of Australia and New Zealand.
The address should be given by an appropriate person and should stress the sacrifices made by servicemen and women in all conflicts, the meaning of ANZAC in the establishment of the Australian national identity and stress that remembrance does not glorify war.

6. The Red Poppy ‘In Flanders fields’
The red poppy has become a symbol of war remembrance the world over. People in many countries wear the poppy to remember those who died in war or who still serve. In many countries, the poppy is worn around Armistice Day (11 November), but in New Zealand and Australia it is most commonly seen around Anzac Day, 25 April.
The red or Flanders poppy has been linked with battlefield deaths since the time of the Great War (1914–18). The plant was one of the first to grow and bloom in the mud and soil of Flanders. The connection was made, most famously, by Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae in his poem 'In Flanders fields'.
‘In Flanders fields’
In Flanders fields the poppies blow 
Between the crosses row on row, 
That mark our place; and in the sky 
The larks, still bravely singing, fly 
Scarce heard amid the guns below.
We are the Dead. Short days ago 
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, 
Loved and were loved, and now we lie 
In Flanders fields.
Take up our quarrel with the foe: 
To you from failing hands we throw 
The torch; be yours to hold it high. 
If ye break faith with us who die 
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow 
In Flanders fields.

7. Poem
In Flanders field
In Flanders fields the poppies blow 
Between the crosses row on row, 
That mark our place; and in the sky 
The larks, still bravely singing, fly 
Scarce heard amid the guns below.
We are the Dead. Short days ago 
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, 
Loved and were loved, and now we lie 
In Flanders fields.
Take up our quarrel with the foe: 
To you from failing hands we throw 
The torch; be yours to hold it high. 
If ye break faith with us who die 
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow 
In Flanders fields.
by Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae

8. Make a Poppy craft Colour poppy flower red and cut out
Colour circle black and cut out. This is glued to the front of the flower in the centre.
Cut out stem (with name tag attached). Glue to the back of the poppy.
Honour a soldier by putting his/her name on the name tag.
Put your own name on the back.

9. Gallipoli Slang (1) adventurer, an alf a mo Anzac button, an
Once they had enlisted, and contacts with the outside world were cut short, the Anzac troops quickly adopted a number of new words and expressions. Many of them reflect their daily lives in the Gallipoli trenches. The following are just a few of such slang words. You may recognise some of them and use them yourself today.
 Abdul a nickname for a Turkish soldier. See also 'Jacko', Johnno' and 'Johnny Turk'. Also used as a collective noun. 'Abdul did not seem to trust the situation and was pretty active in our sector.
adventurer, an
a member of the 1st Division (name given by the 2nd Div. who thought they had joined for the adventure and nothing else).
alf a mo
1. one moment, please
2. a tiny moustache
"half a moment" and by analogy "half a moustache”
Anzac button, an
a nail used instead of a button to hold up trousers.
Anzac soup
a shell hole full of water polluted by a corpse.
Anzac stew
any improvised meal the troops managed to prepare from their monotonous rations. e.g. a bucket of hot water with one rind of fat bacon in it.
Anzac wafer, an
a hard biscuit. See 'rock-chewer.
Auntie,
another name for a Turkish broomstick bomb. Sent as a warning:' Auntie coming over!

10. Gallipoli Slang (2) bonzer, boshter, bosker, axle grease, backshish,
butter
backshish,
(backsheesh, buckshee)
Begging for cigarettes or chocolate, or offering services as a guide etc.
bags of
A lot, a great number, a great amount. (‘We had bags of shrapnel on the beach last night.)
banger, a
a sausage.
banjo, a
a shovel. ‘Swinging the banjo’ was used for digging.
Base wallah, a
someone with a relatively safe job at base, far behind the front line.
bettle, a
a landing craft for 200 men.
bergoo,
Porridge
Birdie,
General Birdwood who, according to the troops, was a ‘decent enough bloke’.
bivvy, a
bivouac
Body-snatcher, a
Either a stretcher bearer, or a member of a raiding party.
bonzer, boshter, bosker,
very, very ... , expressing a superlative quality of something.

11. Gallipoli Slang (3) brass, brass hat buzz off, camel dung clobber
Nickname for higher officers
buzz off,
to go or run away
camel dung
Egyptian cigarettes.
clobber
clothes.
cobber, a
a mate, a friend.
coffin nail, a
a cigarette.
cow, a
an obnoxious person in whose company a ‘dinkum’ soldier would not be seen.
cricket ball,
a Turkish handgrenade the same shape and size as a cricket ball.
digger, a
Anzac soldier
dinkum
real, original, vintage.
dinkum Aussies / Fair Dinkums: volunteers.
dinkum oil: true news
divvy, a
a division.
dry rations,
a sermon.

12. Gallipoli Slang (4) En-Zedders furphy, a Gallipoli gallop, the Gippo
New Zealanders
furphy, a
a camp rumour
Gallipoli gallop, the
diarrhoea (also know as the ‘Turkey trot’)
Gippo
Egyptian.
greybacks
lice.
grungey
self-made dish consisting of bully beef, buscuits, onion, water and salt. Then heated.
gutzer, a
a piece of bad luck, a misfortune.
igri,
hurry up.
Imshi Yalla
go away.
Jacko
(Johnny) Turk, also ‘Johnno’
jam tin (bomb), a
Crude bomb made from a jam tin filled with an explosive charge, metal scraps, lengths of barbed wire or empty cartridges, and then given a fuse. As the supply of bombs during the campaign was very insufficient, a ‘factory’ for the manufacturing of these ‘jam tins’ was established inside Anzac Cove.

13. Gallipoli Slang (5) kangaroo feathers Kiwi Knocked (out)
the emu plumes at one side of a Light Horseman’s hat, in fact a patch of emu hide with the feathers still attached. Among the Arabs, the Light Horsemen became known as “the Kings of the Feathers’.
Kiwi
New Zealander
Knocked (out)
Killed or wounded
Lance corporal bacon
Very fat bacon, with only one streak of lean running through it.
Lazy liz, a (Liz, Lizzie)
a big shell fired by the battleship Queen Elisabeth and passing overhead with ‘a lazy drone’.
Linseed Lancers, a
Field Ambulance men
Luna Park
Cairo Hospital
mafeesh
Finished, not available anymore (‘When we finally reached the place, all the eggs were mafeesh.’)
maleesh
Never mind, it doesn’t matter.
Jacko
(Johnny) Turk, also ‘Johnno’
mate, a
Aussies did not have friends, they had ‘mates’.

14. Gallipoli Slang (6) oil outed Peninsh, the pill, a possie, a
Information, news.
outed
Killed, taken care of
Peninsh, the
the Gallipoli Peninsula
pill, a
a bullet
possie, a
a firing position, but also a hole excavated in the side of a trench to rest.
red-caps, the
British military police
Rock-chewer, a
a dry biscuit, responsible for many broken teeth and dentures, a problem that was even aggravated by the fact that originallly there were no dentists (nor any instruments for dental surgery) with the medical services on Gallipoli.
shrapnel
apart from the explosive, also used for the chicken peas that Australian POW’s in Turkey sometimes found as an addition to their standard dailty ration of boiled wheat.
smoko, a
a break for a cigarette.
snipe, to
to shoot at the enemy from a hidden position.
stiff, a
a corpse, a dead soldier

15. Gallipoli Slang (7) stiffs’ paddock, a stunt, a stouch, to taube, a
a graveyard.
stunt, a
Originally a small-scale operation, involving a relatively small body of men, but later also used for bigger enterprises.
stouch, to
to fight, hit, kill or use violence in general.
taube, a
German airplane, used for reconnaissance over the lines, but also capable of dropping explosive ‘eggs’.
throw a seven, to
to get killed.
typewriter, a
a machine gun.
wallah, a
A man, a person.
wangle, to
to acquire through some sort of trick or clever scheme.
wazzah, a
a dugout
whizz-bang, a
German 77 mm shell
write-off, a
a casualty, a corpse, a ruined military vehicle.

16. A soldier’s letter Gallipoli Slang
Read this letter, which contains the sort of language soldiers used on Gallipoli. Refer to the slang list provided in this resource or research using the internet and recommended sites.
Try to work out the meaning before you use the list! Would this soldier understand the slang you use today?
Dear Harry
Here I am propped on the peninsh with a crowd of other tourists, so I thought I’d grab a few mos now that the brass hats have gone off to have a chin-way and tell you a bit about what it’s like stouching with Abdul. Well, most of the time we’re bored to death, the rest of the time we’re scared to death, especially when auntie visits or a cricket ball comes over. We spend a lot of time winging the banjo, and only yesterday had to put in a new winze, following damage to our trenches from Beachy Bill. ANZAC soup all over no-man’s-land. The food’s pretty crook. Most days the babbling brook brings bully and hard tack; we were hoping the arrival of a supply ship meant we’d be getting acle grease with it today, but apparently that was just a furphy. We had a couple of bumrushers here this morning, warning that the base wallahs would be arranging short arm inspection before we were allowed to go on leave, so we had better make sure we were wearing clean chat-bags. Where do you think we’re going to find water to wash them in? You should’ve seen the lookk on his dial when I asked him that! It’s enough to make a man ask for an Aussy. Well, old chap, must fly. Give my regards to Emma and Jane and send us a few packets of coffin nails next time you write.
Your pal
John
When you have worked out what the soldier meant in the extract above, try writing your own letter, using current slang. Do you think your grandparents would understand what you have written? Do you think your future grandchildren will? What does this tell you about the nature of slang?

17. Gallipoli Slang Crossword
Across:
Nail used to hold up a soldier's trousers (5, 6)
An Australian.
Water polluted by a dead body in a hole in the ground left by an exploding shell (5, 4).
Shoveling (5, 8).
Tinned meat (5, 4).
12. A sausage.
13. An Anzac soldier.
14. A mate.
Down:
Hand-grenade (7, 4).
Real.
A hard biscuit eaten in place of bread (5, 5).
Clothes.
A boring and poor quality meal made with what was available, for example, a bucket of water with a piece of bacon in it (5, 4).
11. Very, very.

18. Anzac biscuits
Anzac biscuits have always been associated with Australian and New Zealand soldiers in World War I.
Legend says that the wives, mothers and girlfriends left at home were concerned that their fighting men were not getting enough (or any) food of any nutritional value, so they cooked up a recipe for treats that they would both enjoy and nutritionally benefit from.
Made from ingredients including rolled oats, coconut, flour and sugar, these biscuits were ideal to send to soldiers abroad because they kept well and would survive the long transit to the frontlines.
At first, they were named "soldiers biscuits", but were renamed Anzac biscuits upon landing in Gallipoli.
Today, Anzac biscuits are manufactured commercially and sold in supermarkets all year round. They are also used for fundraising by the Australian RSLs and the New Zealand RSAs.

19. Anzac biscuits
Recipe
1 cup rolled oats
1 cup plain flour
1 cup brown sugar
½ cup desiccated coconut
125g butter
2 tablespoon golden syrup
1 tablespoon water
½ teaspoon bicarbonate of soda

Sift flour into a bowl and stir in oats, coconut and sugar. Melt butter, golden syrup and water in saucepan, then add bicarb. Stir into flour mixture. Place rounded teaspoons of mixture 5cm apart on greased baking trays and bake at 150°C for about 20 minutes or until biscuits feel almost firm. Remove from trays with spatula and leave to cool on wire racks.

20. Gallipoli Slang  Once they had enlisted, and contacts with the outside world were cut short, the Anzac troops quickly adopted a number of new words and expressions. Many of them reflect their daily lives in the Gallipoli trenches in such a characteristic way. What follows is just a small - and very incomplete - list of the more common ones. All of them can be found in diaries and interviews.
 Abdula nickname for a Turkish soldier. See also 'Jacko', Johnno' and 'Johnny Turk'.Also used as a collective noun.'Abdul did not seem to trust the situation and was pretty active in our sector.'adventurer, ana member of the 1st Division< nickname given by the 2nd Div. who thought they had joined for the adventure and nothing elsealf a mo1. one moment, please2. a tiny moustache< "half a moment" and by analogy "half a moustache"Anzac button, ana nail used instead of a button to hold up one's trousers.Anzac soupa shell hole full of water polluted by a corpse.< probably of later origin in FranceAnzac stewany improvised meal the troops managed to prepare from their monotonous rations.e.g. a bucket of hot water with one rind of fat bacon in itAnzac wafer, ana hard biscuit. See 'rock-chewer'arsapeekupside down. Comparable to 'arse over head'.Auntie, another name for a Turkish broomstick bomb. See also there.Used as a warning : ' Auntie coming over !'< probably connotation of household character of the real thingAustralian elevenmoustache of young recruits< form (?) : | |Aussie, (an)1. Australian (adj.)2. An Australian soldier3. A sufficiently severe injury to be shipped back to Australia.    Compare :  the English equivalent 'a Blighty (wound)'< abbrev. / diminut.axle greasebutterbackshish(backsheesh, buckshee)- (begging for) cigarettes / chocolate- offering services as a guide etc.< Arab.bags ofa lot, a great number, a great amount'We had bags of shrapnel on the beach last night.'banger, aa sausagebanjo, aa shovel. 'Swinging the banjo' was used for digging.'Banjo-swinging went on all night to fortify the newly-captured trench.'base wallah, asomeone with a (relatively) safe job at base, far behind the front line.Beachy Billone of the Turkish guns that regularly shelled the beach at Anzac.beetle, aa landing craft for 200 menbelly ache, aa serious, often mortal woundalso used as a verb : 'He was always belly-aching about the food.'bergooporridge< Arab (?)BirdieGeneral Birdwood who, according to the troops, was a 'decent enough bloke'<abbrev.bivvy, abivouac<abbrev.body-snatcher, a- a stretcher bearer- a member of a raiding party, as they often had to try and bring in a prisoner for informationbonzervery, very ... , expressing a superlative quality of something. See also : 'boshter', 'bosker'.boshtervery, very ... , expressing a superlative quality of something. See also : 'bonzer', 'bosker'.boskervery, very ... , expressing a superlative quality of something. See also : 'bonzer', 'boshter'.boots-i-cleanno real meaning, used as interjection< broken English of Arab street vendors who wanted to clean the soldiers' bootsbrass, brass hatnickname for higher officers< insignia on cap and uniformbroomstick bomb, aa Turkish contraption : a 4-inch cartridge filled with high explosive + metal scraps + percussion cap, on a 2 inch thick and 5 ft long stick.(They) '...used to come soaring over the lines with a broomstick swaying on the end and burst with a noise like a thunderstruck battleship : if it fell close to a man, it was useless to pick up the pieces - there weren't any.'bucksheesee 'backshish'.bully (beef)Tinned beef, which (together with dry biscuits) formed the basis of rations at Gallipoli, as it was always available in abundance. It was hated by the troops, and not only for its monotony. After being stored for a length of time on the beaches in the hot Turkish climate, it all too often turned into a liquid mass of fat. A well-known trench story has it that when supplies were thrown across nomansland to the Turkish positions, a tin of bully came sailing back, together with a note on which was scribbled : 'cigarettes yes, bully beef no'.The only exception to the rule was perhaps 'Maconochie's', a brand of tinned beef that was appreciated by all for its superior quality.bumbrusher, aThe personal servant of an officer. A 'batman'.buzz offto go or run awaycamel dungEgyptian cigarettes.< the smell, according to the troopschat, aa louse. See also 'crab'.chat, toremove lice and other vermin from one's clothingchat-bags(under-) clothingchattyverminousChocsMembers of the 8th Brigade AIF that arrived in Egypt just after the Gallipoli campaign was over, and therefore did not take part in the fighting. This well-drilled brigade under Col. E. Tivey were afterwards referred to by the Gallipoli veterans as 'Tivey's Chocolate soldiers', 'Tivey's Chocs' or 'Tivey's Pets'.clobberclothesclout, aa woundcobber, aa mate, a friendcoffin nail, aa cigarette. See also : 'camel dung'.cool, asomeone reluctant to join the AIF, someone still living in Australia. Mostly used in plural form.cow, aan obnoxious person (or thing for that matter) in whose company a 'dinkum' soldier would not be seencrab, aa louse. Mostly used in plural form. See also 'chat'.cricket balla Turkish handgrenade of that shape and size. Depending on the length of the fuse, it was often possible to hurl them back before they exploded in a trench.< shape + the action of throwingcurio, aa battlefield souvenir, usually taken from a dead enemy. See also 'souvy'.deep thinkersmen belonging to reinforcements in the last stages of the campaign, often members of the 3rd Div.See also : 'dinkums', 'chocs', 'cools'< length of time needed to take the decision to join.digger, aAnzac soldier< 1916 France (!) and not from Hamilton's cable, as gererally believed < adopted by australians from N.Z. gum diggers. Common usage by 1917dinkumreal, original, vintagedinkum Aussies / Fair Dinkums : volunteers, either men belonging to the first units that were formed mainly for the 1st Div., or -contrary to that- men belonging to the 2nd Div. who did not join 'for adventure'.dinkum oil : true news< name of trench publication in 1st Div. June-July 1915, to counteract 'spy-mania'divvy, aa division< diminutivedry rationsa sermon< anal.? with uncooked food issued to the troopseggs-a-cookboiled eggs sold by Arab street vendors.Later on, in Gallipoli it was used by the troops as a war-cry when going 'over the top'.< Arab. street vendorsEn-ZeddersNew Zealanders<abbrev. / found on uniformsfantass, a(fantassies)- a 10-gallon tank of water, used in pairs on mules- a flat tank used for the carriage of water on camel back. One camel carried two of these.furphy, aa camp rumour< Broadmeadows Camp (Melbourne) where the name 'Furphy Shepparton' was found on 'sanitary carts' that visited the camp, and therefore brought news from outside. Later the word was taken along to Egypt.The Furphy engineering company made small water carts. The troops in the training camps would gather around these carts for a drink and exchange information. The stories or rumours that circulated became known as Furphies. Among other things, the company also manufactured a range of steel cooking pots, known as camp ovens, to cook stews, roast meat or bake bread. Gallipoli gallop, thediarrhoea cfr. also 'Turkey trot'gawk (act), aan exhausting 'stunt' (or small operation), that accomplished nothing else, as far as the troops could seeGippoEgyptian. See also 'Gypo'< abbrev.greybackslice.Lousing, the elimination of 'greybacks' soon became an important activity with all troops in and out of the lines.grungeyself-made dish consisting of bully beef + biscuits + onion + water and salt, and then heated.gutzer, aa piece of bad luck,  a misfortuneGypo(Gyppo, Gippo)Egyptian, and derived from that, also "to be gypt" (= to be conned)< abbrev.igrihurry up< Arab.Imshi Yallago away< Arab.Jacko(Johnny) Turk, also 'Johnno''We're among the wavin' date-palms, making Jacko Turkey-trot. And sincerest Xmas Greetings, from this gawd-forsaken spot.'jam tin (bomb), acrude bomb made from a jam tin filled with an explosive charge, metal scraps, lengths of barbed wire or empty cartridges, and then given a fuse. As the supply of bombs during the campaign was very insufficient, a 'factory' for the manufacturing of these 'jam tins' was established inside Anzac Cove.Johnnosee 'Jacko'kangaroo feathersthe emu plumes at one side of a Light Horseman's hat, in fact a patch of emu hide with the feathers still attached. Among the Arabs, the Light Horsemen became known as 'the Kings of the Feathers'.< a joke, to mislead English troops who asked what they wereKiwiNew Zealander< New Zealand bird (apteryx)knocked (out)killed or woundedlance corporal baconvery fat bacon, with only one streak of lean running through it< comparison to 1 stripe on uniformlazy liz, aa big shell fired by the battleship Queen Elisabeth and passing overhead with 'a lazy drone'.< Liz, Lizzie, nickname for the Queen Elisabeth.Linseed Lancers, theAustr. Field Ambulance men< nicknameLiz, Lizziethe battleship Queen ElisabethLuna ParkCairo Hospital< anal. with Mena - ?Maconochie's (stew)see 'bully beef'< company namemafeesh(mafish)finished, not available anymore'When we finally reached the place, all eggs were mafeesh.'< Arab.maleeshnever mind, it doesn't matter< Arab.mate, aAussies did not have friends, they had 'mates'Maxwell's pink-eyed bastardsThe men of the 17th Battalion AIF, who were proud that none of them had taken part in the '2nd Battle of the Wozzer' and therefore got congratulations from the British Government in Egypt. When they landed in Gallipoli afterwards, this fact earned them their nickname.misquiesbadDerived from quies(-kiteer). See there.< derived from ArabO.C. Dunksquartermaster responsible for batt. mules< abbrev. of self-made : Officer Commanding Donkeysoilinformation, news. See also 'Dinkum oil'.oringhesoranges< Arab. street vendorsoutedkilled, taken care ofPeninsh, theThe Gallipoli Peninsula< abbrev.pill, aa bulletpossie, a(possy)a firing position, but also a hole excavated in the side of a trench to rest< abbrev.quies-kiteer- very good, excellent- ok, alright< Arabred-caps, theBritish military police< uniformrock-chewer, aa dry biscuit, responsible for many broken teeth and dentures, a problem that was even aggravated by the fact that originally there were no dentists (nor any instruments for dental surgery) with the medical services on Gallipoli'I broke my dentures - my top plate - on an army biscuit. So then I had to manage these iron biscuits with only my bottom teeth. I used my entrenching tool to powder them as best I could.'saida- good-day- later also used as a noun for an Egyptian.'Saidas were not allowed within the confines of the camp.'< Arab.salaamgood day. See also 'saida'.< Arab.sap, aanything that was not regarded as a regular (firing) trench. A 'sap' could as well be a short part of a trench, branching off into nomansland for observation, as a big communication trench leading to the lines, as a shortcut between different trenches. Could also be used as a verb : 'The enemy were sapping towards the big crater in nomansland'.'The Big Sap' was the big sea-side communication trench that connected Anzac Cove to the Outposts.'short arm inspectionmedical inspection of the privates' private parts to look for cases of VD, especially when still stationed in Egypt.shrapnelapart  from the explosive, also used for the chicken peas that Australian POW's in Turkey sometimes found as an addition to their standard daily ration of boiled wheat.six bob a day touristsnickname for members of the 1st Division. See also 'dinkums', 'adventurers'.smoko, aa break for a cigarettesnipe, toto shoot at the enemy from a hidden position.'Sniping' soon became specialist work during the campaign, and was turned into fine art by a number of Australian marksmen to subdue the constant Turkish firing. In general, a 'sniper' worked together with a 'spotter' who was equipped with a trench periscope. Numerous diaries speak about man-to-man duels being fought out with Turkish colleagues.'The troops manning Quinn's Post were continually being sniped on from the Chessboard.'souvenir, to- to try and find battlefield trophies after an engagement- to try and steal something useful, for instance from an army dump.'After our spell in the trenches, we went souveniring for firewood.'souvy, aa battlefield trophy or souvenir, usually taken from a dead enemy. See also 'curio'.< abbrev. 'souvenir'S.R.D.seldom reaches destination< Supply Reserve Depot, the inscription found on rum-jarsstay at home, a(stay at homer)someone reluctant to enlist. See also 'cool'stiff, aa corpse, a dead soldierstiffs' paddock, aa graveyardstunt, aoriginally a small-scale operation, involving a relatively small body of men, but later also used for bigger enterprises'There is a big stunt on at Lone Pine this afternoon.'stouch, toalso : to stoushto fight, hit, kill or use violence in general.'The Battle of the Wozzer was a good stouch.'taube, aGerman airplane, used for reconaissance over the lines, but also capable of dropping explosive 'eggs'< German : 'pigeon'throw a seven, toto get killed< dicing, probably because with two dice a seven is the most common number to be thrown.tourist, aa member of the 1st Division. See 'six bob a day tourists'Turkey trot, thediarrhoea, also known as 'the trots', 'the runs'See. also 'Gallipoli gallop'typewriter, aa machine-gunwallah, aa man, a person. See also 'a base wallah'< Arabwangle, toto acquire through some sort of trick or clever scheme.'In addition to our biscuits, we sometimes managed to wangle a shapati from the Indian troops'.wazzah, aa dugout'Me and my mate were living in the same wazzah.'< deriv. from the 'Haret el Wasser', the red-light district in Cairo. See Wozzer.Wazzir, thesee 'Wozzer,the'whizz-bang, agerman 77 mm shell< onomatopoeicwind up, to have the -to be scaredwoodbine, aan English soldier< their most common brand of cigarettesWozzer, theCairo's red-light district< Haret el Wasser.2 'battles' were fought there by drunk Australian and New Zealand troops, the first one on 2nd April (Good Friday) 1915 and the second one by the 2nd Div. some months later. On both occasions a lot of damage was done in the district : local people were molested, furniture thrown out of windows and even houses set on fire.write-offa casualty, a corpse, a ruined military vehicleIf you know about other words or expressions, feel free to send to to Contents
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21. Gallipoli Slang  Once they had enlisted, and contacts with the outside world were cut short, the Anzac troops quickly adopted a number of new words and expressions. Many of them reflect their daily lives in the Gallipoli trenches in such a characteristic way. What follows is just a small - and very incomplete - list of the more common ones. All of them can be found in diaries and interviews.
 Abdula nickname for a Turkish soldier. See also 'Jacko', Johnno' and 'Johnny Turk'.Also used as a collective noun.'Abdul did not seem to trust the situation and was pretty active in our sector.'adventurer, ana member of the 1st Division< nickname given by the 2nd Div. who thought they had joined for the adventure and nothing elsealf a mo1. one moment, please2. a tiny moustache< "half a moment" and by analogy "half a moustache"Anzac button, ana nail used instead of a button to hold up one's trousers.Anzac soupa shell hole full of water polluted by a corpse.< probably of later origin in FranceAnzac stewany improvised meal the troops managed to prepare from their monotonous rations.e.g. a bucket of hot water with one rind of fat bacon in itAnzac wafer, ana hard biscuit. See 'rock-chewer'arsapeekupside down. Comparable to 'arse over head'.Auntie, another name for a Turkish broomstick bomb. See also there.Used as a warning : ' Auntie coming over !'< probably connotation of household character of the real thingAustralian elevenmoustache of young recruits< form (?) : | |Aussie, (an)1. Australian (adj.)2. An Australian soldier3. A sufficiently severe injury to be shipped back to Australia.    Compare :  the English equivalent 'a Blighty (wound)'< abbrev. / diminut.axle greasebutterbackshish(backsheesh, buckshee)- (begging for) cigarettes / chocolate- offering services as a guide etc.< Arab.bags ofa lot, a great number, a great amount'We had bags of shrapnel on the beach last night.'banger, aa sausagebanjo, aa shovel. 'Swinging the banjo' was used for digging.'Banjo-swinging went on all night to fortify the newly-captured trench.'base wallah, asomeone with a (relatively) safe job at base, far behind the front line.Beachy Billone of the Turkish guns that regularly shelled the beach at Anzac.beetle, aa landing craft for 200 menbelly ache, aa serious, often mortal woundalso used as a verb : 'He was always belly-aching about the food.'bergooporridge< Arab (?)BirdieGeneral Birdwood who, according to the troops, was a 'decent enough bloke'<abbrev.bivvy, abivouac<abbrev.body-snatcher, a- a stretcher bearer- a member of a raiding party, as they often had to try and bring in a prisoner for informationbonzervery, very ... , expressing a superlative quality of something. See also : 'boshter', 'bosker'.boshtervery, very ... , expressing a superlative quality of something. See also : 'bonzer', 'bosker'.boskervery, very ... , expressing a superlative quality of something. See also : 'bonzer', 'boshter'.boots-i-cleanno real meaning, used as interjection< broken English of Arab street vendors who wanted to clean the soldiers' bootsbrass, brass hatnickname for higher officers< insignia on cap and uniformbroomstick bomb, aa Turkish contraption : a 4-inch cartridge filled with high explosive + metal scraps + percussion cap, on a 2 inch thick and 5 ft long stick.(They) '...used to come soaring over the lines with a broomstick swaying on the end and burst with a noise like a thunderstruck battleship : if it fell close to a man, it was useless to pick up the pieces - there weren't any.'bucksheesee 'backshish'.bully (beef)Tinned beef, which (together with dry biscuits) formed the basis of rations at Gallipoli, as it was always available in abundance. It was hated by the troops, and not only for its monotony. After being stored for a length of time on the beaches in the hot Turkish climate, it all too often turned into a liquid mass of fat. A well-known trench story has it that when supplies were thrown across nomansland to the Turkish positions, a tin of bully came sailing back, together with a note on which was scribbled : 'cigarettes yes, bully beef no'.The only exception to the rule was perhaps 'Maconochie's', a brand of tinned beef that was appreciated by all for its superior quality.bumbrusher, aThe personal servant of an officer. A 'batman'.buzz offto go or run awaycamel dungEgyptian cigarettes.< the smell, according to the troopschat, aa louse. See also 'crab'.chat, toremove lice and other vermin from one's clothingchat-bags(under-) clothingchattyverminousChocsMembers of the 8th Brigade AIF that arrived in Egypt just after the Gallipoli campaign was over, and therefore did not take part in the fighting. This well-drilled brigade under Col. E. Tivey were afterwards referred to by the Gallipoli veterans as 'Tivey's Chocolate soldiers', 'Tivey's Chocs' or 'Tivey's Pets'.clobberclothesclout, aa woundcobber, aa mate, a friendcoffin nail, aa cigarette. See also : 'camel dung'.cool, asomeone reluctant to join the AIF, someone still living in Australia. Mostly used in plural form.cow, aan obnoxious person (or thing for that matter) in whose company a 'dinkum' soldier would not be seencrab, aa louse. Mostly used in plural form. See also 'chat'.cricket balla Turkish handgrenade of that shape and size. Depending on the length of the fuse, it was often possible to hurl them back before they exploded in a trench.< shape + the action of throwingcurio, aa battlefield souvenir, usually taken from a dead enemy. See also 'souvy'.deep thinkersmen belonging to reinforcements in the last stages of the campaign, often members of the 3rd Div.See also : 'dinkums', 'chocs', 'cools'< length of time needed to take the decision to join.digger, aAnzac soldier< 1916 France (!) and not from Hamilton's cable, as gererally believed < adopted by australians from N.Z. gum diggers. Common usage by 1917dinkumreal, original, vintagedinkum Aussies / Fair Dinkums : volunteers, either men belonging to the first units that were formed mainly for the 1st Div., or -contrary to that- men belonging to the 2nd Div. who did not join 'for adventure'.dinkum oil : true news< name of trench publication in 1st Div. June-July 1915, to counteract 'spy-mania'divvy, aa division< diminutivedry rationsa sermon< anal.? with uncooked food issued to the troopseggs-a-cookboiled eggs sold by Arab street vendors.Later on, in Gallipoli it was used by the troops as a war-cry when going 'over the top'.< Arab. street vendorsEn-ZeddersNew Zealanders<abbrev. / found on uniformsfantass, a(fantassies)- a 10-gallon tank of water, used in pairs on mules- a flat tank used for the carriage of water on camel back. One camel carried two of these.furphy, aa camp rumour< Broadmeadows Camp (Melbourne) where the name 'Furphy Shepparton' was found on 'sanitary carts' that visited the camp, and therefore brought news from outside. Later the word was taken along to Egypt.The Furphy engineering company made small water carts. The troops in the training camps would gather around these carts for a drink and exchange information. The stories or rumours that circulated became known as Furphies. Among other things, the company also manufactured a range of steel cooking pots, known as camp ovens, to cook stews, roast meat or bake bread. Gallipoli gallop, thediarrhoea cfr. also 'Turkey trot'gawk (act), aan exhausting 'stunt' (or small operation), that accomplished nothing else, as far as the troops could seeGippoEgyptian. See also 'Gypo'< abbrev.greybackslice.Lousing, the elimination of 'greybacks' soon became an important activity with all troops in and out of the lines.grungeyself-made dish consisting of bully beef + biscuits + onion + water and salt, and then heated.gutzer, aa piece of bad luck,  a misfortuneGypo(Gyppo, Gippo)Egyptian, and derived from that, also "to be gypt" (= to be conned)< abbrev.igrihurry up< Arab.Imshi Yallago away< Arab.Jacko(Johnny) Turk, also 'Johnno''We're among the wavin' date-palms, making Jacko Turkey-trot. And sincerest Xmas Greetings, from this gawd-forsaken spot.'jam tin (bomb), acrude bomb made from a jam tin filled with an explosive charge, metal scraps, lengths of barbed wire or empty cartridges, and then given a fuse. As the supply of bombs during the campaign was very insufficient, a 'factory' for the manufacturing of these 'jam tins' was established inside Anzac Cove.Johnnosee 'Jacko'kangaroo feathersthe emu plumes at one side of a Light Horseman's hat, in fact a patch of emu hide with the feathers still attached. Among the Arabs, the Light Horsemen became known as 'the Kings of the Feathers'.< a joke, to mislead English troops who asked what they wereKiwiNew Zealander< New Zealand bird (apteryx)knocked (out)killed or woundedlance corporal baconvery fat bacon, with only one streak of lean running through it< comparison to 1 stripe on uniformlazy liz, aa big shell fired by the battleship Queen Elisabeth and passing overhead with 'a lazy drone'.< Liz, Lizzie, nickname for the Queen Elisabeth.Linseed Lancers, theAustr. Field Ambulance men< nicknameLiz, Lizziethe battleship Queen ElisabethLuna ParkCairo Hospital< anal. with Mena - ?Maconochie's (stew)see 'bully beef'< company namemafeesh(mafish)finished, not available anymore'When we finally reached the place, all eggs were mafeesh.'< Arab.maleeshnever mind, it doesn't matter< Arab.mate, aAussies did not have friends, they had 'mates'Maxwell's pink-eyed bastardsThe men of the 17th Battalion AIF, who were proud that none of them had taken part in the '2nd Battle of the Wozzer' and therefore got congratulations from the British Government in Egypt. When they landed in Gallipoli afterwards, this fact earned them their nickname.misquiesbadDerived from quies(-kiteer). See there.< derived from ArabO.C. Dunksquartermaster responsible for batt. mules< abbrev. of self-made : Officer Commanding Donkeysoilinformation, news. See also 'Dinkum oil'.oringhesoranges< Arab. street vendorsoutedkilled, taken care ofPeninsh, theThe Gallipoli Peninsula< abbrev.pill, aa bulletpossie, a(possy)a firing position, but also a hole excavated in the side of a trench to rest< abbrev.quies-kiteer- very good, excellent- ok, alright< Arabred-caps, theBritish military police< uniformrock-chewer, aa dry biscuit, responsible for many broken teeth and dentures, a problem that was even aggravated by the fact that originally there were no dentists (nor any instruments for dental surgery) with the medical services on Gallipoli'I broke my dentures - my top plate - on an army biscuit. So then I had to manage these iron biscuits with only my bottom teeth. I used my entrenching tool to powder them as best I could.'saida- good-day- later also used as a noun for an Egyptian.'Saidas were not allowed within the confines of the camp.'< Arab.salaamgood day. See also 'saida'.< Arab.sap, aanything that was not regarded as a regular (firing) trench. A 'sap' could as well be a short part of a trench, branching off into nomansland for observation, as a big communication trench leading to the lines, as a shortcut between different trenches. Could also be used as a verb : 'The enemy were sapping towards the big crater in nomansland'.'The Big Sap' was the big sea-side communication trench that connected Anzac Cove to the Outposts.'short arm inspectionmedical inspection of the privates' private parts to look for cases of VD, especially when still stationed in Egypt.shrapnelapart  from the explosive, also used for the chicken peas that Australian POW's in Turkey sometimes found as an addition to their standard daily ration of boiled wheat.six bob a day touristsnickname for members of the 1st Division. See also 'dinkums', 'adventurers'.smoko, aa break for a cigarettesnipe, toto shoot at the enemy from a hidden position.'Sniping' soon became specialist work during the campaign, and was turned into fine art by a number of Australian marksmen to subdue the constant Turkish firing. In general, a 'sniper' worked together with a 'spotter' who was equipped with a trench periscope. Numerous diaries speak about man-to-man duels being fought out with Turkish colleagues.'The troops manning Quinn's Post were continually being sniped on from the Chessboard.'souvenir, to- to try and find battlefield trophies after an engagement- to try and steal something useful, for instance from an army dump.'After our spell in the trenches, we went souveniring for firewood.'souvy, aa battlefield trophy or souvenir, usually taken from a dead enemy. See also 'curio'.< abbrev. 'souvenir'S.R.D.seldom reaches destination< Supply Reserve Depot, the inscription found on rum-jarsstay at home, a(stay at homer)someone reluctant to enlist. See also 'cool'stiff, aa corpse, a dead soldierstiffs' paddock, aa graveyardstunt, aoriginally a small-scale operation, involving a relatively small body of men, but later also used for bigger enterprises'There is a big stunt on at Lone Pine this afternoon.'stouch, toalso : to stoushto fight, hit, kill or use violence in general.'The Battle of the Wozzer was a good stouch.'taube, aGerman airplane, used for reconaissance over the lines, but also capable of dropping explosive 'eggs'< German : 'pigeon'throw a seven, toto get killed< dicing, probably because with two dice a seven is the most common number to be thrown.tourist, aa member of the 1st Division. See 'six bob a day tourists'Turkey trot, thediarrhoea, also known as 'the trots', 'the runs'See. also 'Gallipoli gallop'typewriter, aa machine-gunwallah, aa man, a person. See also 'a base wallah'< Arabwangle, toto acquire through some sort of trick or clever scheme.'In addition to our biscuits, we sometimes managed to wangle a shapati from the Indian troops'.wazzah, aa dugout'Me and my mate were living in the same wazzah.'< deriv. from the 'Haret el Wasser', the red-light district in Cairo. See Wozzer.Wazzir, thesee 'Wozzer,the'whizz-bang, agerman 77 mm shell< onomatopoeicwind up, to have the -to be scaredwoodbine, aan English soldier< their most common brand of cigarettesWozzer, theCairo's red-light district< Haret el Wasser.2 'battles' were fought there by drunk Australian and New Zealand troops, the first one on 2nd April (Good Friday) 1915 and the second one by the 2nd Div. some months later. On both occasions a lot of damage was done in the district : local people were molested, furniture thrown out of windows and even houses set on fire.write-offa casualty, a corpse, a ruined military vehicleIf you know about other words or expressions, feel free to send to to Contents
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