1. B. Moussa, O. Coulibaly, T. Abdoulaye, D. Baributsa and J. Lowenberg-DeBoer Adoption of Hermetic Storage for Cowpea in West & Central Africa in 2012.

2. Objectives: Determine the proportion of cowpea stored on farms by type hermetic storage. Estimate proportion of rural households using hermetic storage Identify the major barriers to use of hermetic storage for cowpea used on farms

3. Methods: Stratified random sample of villages, with the proportion of PICS villages determined by the proportion of PICS villages in the overall cowpea zone. Random selection of household heads in sample villages. Face-to-face interviews Overall statistics calculated with weights determined solely by number of PICS and non- PICS villages.

4. Sample Size Country Numbers of PICS Villages Number of Non PICS Villages Total Sample Size (number of Villages) Numbers of farmers interviewed Nigeria 10666192041221220 Mali 2111 3413 20 200 Ghana 2000NA yet 22 220 Cameroon 1465 1910 18 180 Chad 9042020 14 150 Benin 8961204 30 300 Togo 10001095 30 300 Senegal 17831743 15 150

5. Niger and Burkina Faso: Storage Methods Used by Farmers in 2009

6. Niger, Nigeria and Burkina Faso 2009 : Availability is Key Constraint Average distance to nearest PICS retailer was 5.8 km in Niger DT and over 13 km in Niger MZT. Figure 2. Reason for non-adoption of PICS technology in Niger, Burkina Faso and Nigeria. Source: Studies on adoption of PICS bags in 2010 in Niger, Burkina Faso and Nigeria Percentages

7. Nigeria: Storage Methods Used by Farmers 2011 Harvest  Total hermetic storage 32%  “Insecticide” here is pesticide in ordinary woven bags  Insecticide pervasive in Nigeria, used in most double bags and even some triple bags

8. Nigeria 2011 : Availability is Key Constraint for Triple Bag Non-adopters  “Availability” cited as a key constraint even in some villages close to Kano  Media and word-of-mouth has reached only about half of respondents in non-PICS villages; demonstrations still important.

9. Mali: Storage Methods Used by Farmers for 2011 Harvest  TB adoption relatively low but overall hermetic is 61%  “Other” includes ordinary woven bags, pots, ash, etc.

10. Mali 2011 : Information is Key Constraint for Triple Bag non Adopters  Information is key constraint but Availability is still a problem

11. Cameroon: Storage Methods Used by Farmers for 2011 Harvest  “Other” includes woven sacks, pots, ash, etc.  Total hermetic is 23% of quantity stored on farms

12. Cameroon 2011 : Information is Key Constraint for Triple Bag Non-adopters  Like in Mali Information is key but availability is still a problem

13. Chad: Storage Methods Used by Farmers for 2011 Harvest  Results similar to in Cameroon but triple bag slightly higher  Total hermetic is 24%

14. Nigeria, Mali, Cameroon and Chad: Storage Methods Used for 2011 Harvest  Simple average for these four countries for total hermetic is 35%. Next step is calculating weighted average to allow for differences in cowpea production levels.  Regional total hermetic percentage will be pulled up by the 70% in Niger and Burkina.

15. Nigeria, Mali and Cameroon 2011 Harvest : Key Constraints among Triple Bag Non-adopters  Bag availability is key constraint, especially in Nigeria.  Information still a major constraint, especially in non-PICS villages.

16. Conclusions Preliminary 2011 harvest adoption results for Nigeria, Cameroon, Mali and Chad: – Total hermetic in range of 23% to 61% of quantity – Triple bag use ranges from 12% to 18% – Availability key constraint for non-adopters in Nigeria – Information still key constraint especially for non-PICS villages PICS 50% goal reached for some countries (e.g. Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali). Regional hermetic storage percentage depends on data for remaining countries.

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