1. Chapter 2 Earliest (original) US popular forms (18 th C) Minstrelsy (1840s-80s, and beyond) Stephen Foster – 1 st US popular composer Bands – Brass and other Tin Pan Alley – the Sheet Music Industry Ragtime (1880s-1910s) – syncopated piano Phonograph – modern technology

2. “Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair” Ex.: Jeanie With The Light Brown Hair - YouTubeJeanie With The Light Brown Hair - YouTube

3. “Jeanie” (p. 3-4)

4. “Jeanie” (p. 5-6)

5. Form of “Jeanie” Introduction (4 mm) “A 1 ” Phrase – (4 mm) incomplete cadence “A 2 ” Phrase – (4 mm) modulates to dominant “B” Phrase – (4 mm) new melody “A 3 ” Phrase – (4 mm) strong cadence in tonic Repeat for each new stanza Coda

6. Dance Music & (Brass) Bands Social activity for upper classes (& wannabes) Balls based in European social practices - formal dress & strict etiquette - pre-selected list of dances (group & couples) Dance types include: Cotillion (Promenade), Waltz, Polka, Mazurka, Two-Step, One-Step Rural imitations much less formal

7. Civil War Bands (and After)

8. “Town Bands” Danville, KY: Advocate- Messenger Brass Band Allentown (PA) Band (since 1828!)

9. “Business Bands” Professional Concert Bands 50+ members (winds, brass & percussion) Sousa Band – most famous - John Philip Sousa (US Marine Band) - independent concert band Touring Ensemble (US & the World) Recording – early cylinders and records (Sousa opposed “mechanical music”)

10. The Sousa Band Sousa Band (c. 1900 ) John Philip Sousa (1854-1932)

11. United States Marine Band “The President’s Own”

12. Band Music Examples Civil War Brass Band Re-creation – YouTube Allentown Band Documentary - Allentown Band - Seg 1 – Introduction - YouTube - Allentown Band - Seg 2 – YouTube - Allentown Band - Seg 3 - YouTube - Allentown Band - Seg 4 – YouTubeAllentown Band - Seg 1 – Introduction - YouTubeAllentown Band - Seg 2 – YouTubeAllentown Band - Seg 3 - YouTubeAllentown Band - Seg 4 – YouTube Orlando Concert Band - Orlando Concert Band - "Jingle Celebration" - Orlando Concert Band BrassOrlando Concert Band"Jingle Celebration" - Orlando Concert Band Brass Highlights on DVD World Brass Band Championships 2009 – YouTubeHighlights on DVD World Brass Band Championships 2009 – YouTube

13. “The Stars and Stripes Forever” BA2104 Stars and Stripes Forever - Sousa's Band.wmv – YouTube (Edison Cylinder)BA2104 Stars and Stripes Forever - Sousa's Band.wmv – YouTube John Philip Sousa's March, "The Stars and Stripes Forever" – YouTube (US Marine Band) Form of SSF: - Introduction - 1 st Strain (16mm, repeated) - 2 nd Strain (16 mm, repeated) - Trio w/ “dogfight” (repeat Trio w/ piccolo solo), (repeat “dogfight”), (repeat Trio w/ piccolos & brass countermelody)

14. “Tin Pan Alley” Music Publishing Industry in NYC (28 th St) Music as commodity - for home use - sold everywhere Public performances - Music Halls - Vaudeville “Song Pluggers”

15. Sheet Music 1 st “mega-hit” Charles K. Harris (1892) J Aldrich Libby sang in A Trip to Chinatown Verse (tells the story) Chorus (repeats exactly) Examples - Charles K. Harris - After the Ball – YouTube (c. 1920s) - After The Ball - Joan Morris (mezzo-soprano) with William Bolcom (piano) [Text, p. 59-61]Charles K. Harris - After the Ball – YouTubeAfter The Ball - Joan Morris (mezzo-soprano) with William Bolcom (piano)

16. “Ragtime” (c. 1896-1918) Origins in imitations of Af-Am styles & rhythms “Coon Songs” Use of syncopation - regular beat in LH (bass) - shifting accents in RH (melody) Sectional form (like a march) Emulated by white composers, e.g., Irving Berlin Ex. HQ - Piano - "All Coons Look Alike to Me" – YouTubeHQ - Piano - "All Coons Look Alike to Me" – YouTube Ex. Alexander's Ragtime Band Columbia A1032 - YouTubeAlexander's Ragtime Band Columbia A1032 - YouTube Ernest Hogan (1865-1909)

17. Scott Joplin 1867/8-1917 Leading Composer of Ragtime Pianist in St. Louis & Midwest “Ragged” style (influences of) - improvisation - brass bands “Maple Leaf Rag” (1898) Sheet music & player piano rolls Ex. Maple Leaf Rag Played by Scott Joplin - YouTubeMaple Leaf Rag Played by Scott Joplin - YouTube

18. Phonograph Emile Berliner invents (c. 1887) Enrico Caruso (opera singer) - Discs sold in US (c. 1904) Chief form of home consumption Technology unchanged to 1980s Nickelodeons (5¢ a play) Juke Boxes (see next slide) Ex. Emile Berliner History of the Gramophone Phonograph New Version – YouTubeEmile Berliner History of the Gramophone Phonograph New Version – YouTube Ex.Emile Berliner Record 1895 - Sidewalks of New York - George J. Gaskin Victor II Gramophone – YouTubeEmile Berliner Record 1895 - Sidewalks of New York - George J. Gaskin Victor II Gramophone – YouTube “Schizophonia”

19. Juke Boxes Wurlitzer (1940s) Rock-ola (1930s-40s) Seeburg (1950s) Seeburg Wall-omatic