1. Get Cited or Perish: The h-index & Researcher Incentives for Open Access A. Ben Wagner, Sciences Librarian University at Buffalo

2. The OA Message to Researchers Used to be Publish or Perish. Now it’s increasingly Get Cited or Perish. Open Access: more readers, more citations, more impact It’s your work; retain a few rights, at least posting manuscript to repository. Sure you publish for prestige, but you also publish to be read!

3. 2007 All scholarly articles in journals covered by SSCI 238 Cites 2007 Impact =238 2007 cites = 1.506 Factor 158 2005-06 articles 2005-2006 Child Abuse & Neglect (journal) 158 articles The Classic Journal Impact Factor

4. So what? JIF is a measure of extreme currency – 2 year window. JIF is a GROSS average. Average article in Nano Letters cited 10.371 times, But the citation RANGE = 0 - 319 times (14 articles cited zero times!). Never ever intended to measure quality of an individual article or author, even Thomson Scientific says that.

5. A Better Citation Metric h-Index (Hirsch Index) An h-Index of 11 means a person (or dept.) has 11 articles cited at least 11 times. Easily calculated from Web of Science http://library.buffalo.edu/libraries/e- resources/webofscience.html http://library.buffalo.edu/libraries/e- resources/webofscience.html

6. Critique of h-index Rewards longevity, but not least- publishable-unit or sheer quantity. Recent and old work rewarded equally Does not reward highly cited papers Many variants (g-index, m-index, etc. proposed to weight age, recent work, & highly cited papers, # of coauthors) Relatively insensitive to manipulation.

7. Variants of h-index g-index = g number of papers that received g 2 citations (rewards highly cited papers m-index = h-index / no. of years a researcher has published (normalizes for longevity)

8. Citation Indexes – Many more players – 1 SciFinder NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Google Scholar/Harzing’s POP Amazon (Search inside this book) Scitation/Spin Web/PROLA Citation Bridge (US Patents) USPTO Optics InfoBase

9. Citation Indexes – Many more players - 2 CiteSeer (primarily computer & info sci) ScienceDirect PsycInfo IEEE Xplore Spires (High Energy Physics) IOP Journals CrossRef

10. My Take For an individual or department:  h-index plus  Total cites to all published articles plus  Citation Report graphs from appropriate the citation databases (SCI, SSCI, AHCI,+?) Give a pretty good take on the impact of one’s journal articles within the limits of available citation data. Demonstrably superior to JIF

11. A Free, New Citation Tool Harzing’s Publish or Perish Install from: http://www.harzing.com/pop.htm http://www.harzing.com/pop.htm Automatically analyzes citations from Google Scholar for any author. Instructive to compare Web of Science citation report with Harzing’s report. Warning: Dirty data, don’t take at face value.

12. Harzing’s POP Statistics Total number of papers & citations Ave. number of citations per paper & per author Ave. number of papers per author & per year Hirsch's h-index and related parameters Egghe's g-index Other variations on the h-index Age-weighted citation rate Number of authors per paper

13. Primer on Open Access (OA) OA simply means free-to-read. OA is fully compatible with rigorous peer review. OA does not necessarily mean author-pay (there are many models being tested). OA journals can be low or high quality, just like subscription journals.

14. Can OA have Prestige? PLOS Biology  JIF=13.5 (7 th out of 263 biochem journals)  Started in October 2003 PLOS One (in 2010 will be the largest science journal in the world) – est. 8,000 articles

15. OA – a flash in the pan? More than 4,000 fully OA, peer reviewed journals - 2 new titles per day 1,500 OA repositories - new repository every day. Scientific Commons – 30 million OA items. http://www.scientificcommons.org/ http://www.scientificcommons.org/ 20% medical lit avail. Free within 2 years Over 100 OA publication mandates

16. SO WHAT! We publish for prestige, but we also publish to be read & cited. What if I point you to actual research that shows OA articles are cited 25-250% more than toll access (TA) articles?  http://www.buffalo.edu/~abwagner/OACiteImpactBibliogr aphy.doc http://www.buffalo.edu/~abwagner/OACiteImpactBibliogr aphy.doc

17. A Couple of OA Cite Advantage Studies (OA-CA = citations to OA vs. TA articles) 44% OA-CA in Ecology  (Norris & Rowland, 2008) The citation advantage of open-access articles. JASIST, 59(12), 1963-1972. OA-CA: Math (91%); Elec. Engineering (51%); Philosophy (45%)  ( Antelman 2004) Do open-access articles have a greater research impact? College & Research Libraries. 65(5): p. 372-382.

18. What you should know about OA Know what your OA options are.  www.doaj.org www.doaj.org OA journal not the whole story Most non-OA journals allow authors to deposit their articles in an IR/DR. See http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/ for publisher policies.http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/

19. More on Institutional Repositories You have rights! Retain right to mount your hard work to an IR/DR. Done right it will be visible to Google Scholar, OAIster, & other OAI harvestors. Wide variety of formats & document types

20. The OA Advantage As scholar, enlarge your audience/impact. As reader, enjoy free online access to the literature. As teacher, your students have free, liability-free access (fair use, course pack). Moving away from an unsustainable journal publishing system.

21. Personal Story Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling Article

22. Check out: Open the channels of communication in your field. http://www.arl.org/sparc/bm~doc/OpenAccess.pdf Create Change (SPARC) http://www.createchange.org/ http://www.createchange.org/ Making Change Work for You  Practical steps as faculty, researcher, reviewer, editor, society member, teacher.  http://www.createchange.org/change/index.shtml http://www.createchange.org/change/index.shtml

23. From Opportunity Assessment Instrument ACRL Scholarly Communication Toolkit: http://www.acrl.ala.org/scholcomm/ http://www.acrl.ala.org/scholcomm/ “10 Things You Should Know About Scholarly Communication” http://www.acrl.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/issues/scholcomm/docs/SC% 20101%2010%20Things%20You.pdf. http://www.acrl.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/issues/scholcomm/docs/SC% 20101%2010%20Things%20You.pdf “Open Access Overview” (Peter Suber): http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm Open Access Scholarly Information Sourcebook: Practical Steps for Implementing Open Access: http://www.openoasis.org/http://www.openoasis.org/ “Transforming Scholarly Communication and Publishing” (UB Libraries – for faculty and students): http://library.buffalo.edu/scholarly/index.php. http://library.buffalo.edu/scholarly/index.php ScholCom Staff Wiki (UB Libraries – internal): http://libweb1.lib.buffalo.edu/aslstaff/sc/ http://libweb1.lib.buffalo.edu/aslstaff/sc/ 6 Things Researchers Need to Know about OA – P. Suber http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/newsletter/02-02-06.htm http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/newsletter/02-02-06.htm