1. Cell Reproduction
Mitosis & Meiosis

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3. Cell Cycle

4. Mitosis One type of cell division
Cell process in which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei identical to each other, and identical to the original nucleus, in a series of steps (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase)

5. Mitosis allows for growth and replaces worn out or damaged cells.

6. Interphase Period of growth & development
Hereditary information (DNA) copied (replicated / duplicated)
Cells that do not divide (nerves) are always in interphase

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8. Prophase DNA begins to shorten & thicken Centromeres form
Now called chromatids / chromosomes
Centromeres form
Nuclear membrane breaks apart
Spindle fibers form

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10. Metaphase Chromatids / chromosomes line up
Centromere attaches to spindle fibers

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12. Anaphase Centromeres divide Spindle fibers shorten
Chromatid pairs separate – move to ends of cell
Chromatids are now called
Each ½ of the pair is now called a chromosome

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14. Telophase Spindle fibers disappear Chromosomes uncoil
Nuclear membrane forms
Cell divides (cytokinesis)

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16. Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

17. Mitosis Animation

18. Results of Mitosis Division of nucleus
Nuclei are identical to each other
Same number & type of chromosomes

19. Asexual Reproduction
A type of reproduction - fission, budding, and regeneration - in which a new organism is produced from one parent and has DNA identical to the parent organism.

20. Asexual Reproduction Offspring produced from one organism
Hereditary information is identical
Mitosis is one form of asexual reproduction

21. Sexual Reproduction
Meiosis

22. Sexual Reproduction
A type of reproduction in which two sex cells, usually an egg and a sperm, join to form a zygote, which will develop into a new organism with a unique identity.

23. Sexual reproduction results in a great variety, or diversity, of offspring.

24. Meiosis
The nucleus divides twice
Meiosis I
Meiosis II

26. Interphase
DNA is duplicated

27. Prophase I
DNA shorten & thicken
Forms chromatids / chromosomes

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29. Metaphase I Copied chromatids / chromosomes line up in middle of cell
Centromeres attach to spindle fibers

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31. Anaphase I Chromatid pairs are pulled apart Move to ends of cell
They DO NOT separate
Move to ends of cell

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33. Telophase I
Cell divides
No further replication of hereditary material

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35. There are now two cells. Both cells have full sets of genetic material (chromosomes)

36. Prophase II Similar to mitosis Starts with TWO cells instead of one
Spindle fibers appear

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38. Metaphase II
Duplicated chromatid / chromosomes line up in middle of cell
Spindle fibers attach to centromeres

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40. Anaphase II Centromere divides
Chromatids separate & move to ends of cell
Chromatids are now individual chromosomes

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42. Telophase II Spindle fibers disappear
Nuclear membranes form at each end of cell
Cells divide
Results in 4 cells
Each with ½ the original number of chromosomes

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44. Meiosis Animation

45. In summary: Meiosis Two cells form during meiosis I
In meiosis II, both of these cells form two cells
The two divisions of the nucleus result in four sex cells (gametes)
Each has one-half the number of chromosomes in its nucleus that was in the original nucleus