1. A N I M A L I T R A N S G E N I C I animali in cui sia stata indotta una deliberata modificazione del genoma

2. ANIMALI TRANSGENICI: campi di applicazione Studi biologici di base Ricerca medica Tossicologia Biotecnologie Agricoltura e acquacoltura

3. Promotore cDNA Sito di splicing Poli-A STRUTTURA DI UN COSTRUTTO TRANSGENICO

4. PRODUZIONE DI TOPI TRANSGENICI PRODUZIONE DI TOPI TRANSGENICI Mediante iniezione pronucleare del costrutto Mediante iniezione pronucleare del costrutto Mediante ricombinazione omologa in cellule staminali embrionali Mediante ricombinazione omologa in cellule staminali embrionali

7. Costrutto transgenico “tradizionale”:  può contenere fino a 5-50 kbp  si integra casualmente in un singolo sito, sotto forma di 1-50 copie (tandem repeats)  importanza del sito di integrazione  variabilità di espressione nelle diverse linee founder

8. Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs):  possono contenere fino a diverse centinaia di kbp  espressione più uniforme e prevedibile  relativa importanza del sito di integrazione  scarsa stabilità durante la manipolazione

9. Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs):  possono contenere fino a 100-150 kbp  espressione più uniforme e prevedibile  relativa importanza del sito di integrazione  stabilità durante la manipolazione

10. ONCOMOUSE Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus

11. GENE TARGETING

12. I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X

13. IIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXX XI Allele wild-type IIIIIIIVVVIIIIXX XI PGK-neo Allele null KO

14. TK Neo Targeting vector Target locus 1 2 3

15. TK Neo 1 2 3 Targeted locus 5’ probe3’ probe HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION

18. TK Neo Targeting vector Target locus 1 2 3 1 2 3

19. TK Neo 1 2 3 1 2 3 HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION Neo 1 2 3 Targeted locus

20. Neo 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 Espressione di Cre In cellule ES Screening per individuare cellule che hanno perso Neo ma mantengono gli esoni 1 e 2 e le regioni fiancheggianti loxP Generazione di topi che presentano i siti loxP in entrambi gli alleli

23. active analgesic compounds. Tail Flick, Hot Plate and Plantar Test, to ascertain peripherally mediated responses to thermal stimulation caused by drugs. The Analgesy- Meter (paw pressure test) to assess response caused by force exerted on the normal & inflamed paw of a rat. The Plethysmometer, the "standard" instrument, quite popular in the pharmaceutical industry, for accurate measurement of the rat paw swelling. Directly connectable to the PC. BEHAVIOR ACTIVITY MOTOR COORDINATION VENTILATION BRONCHODYNAMIC STUDIES Most popular behavioural tests in the pharmacological investigations: Avoidance, via the Automatic Reflex Conditioner, a microcontrolled unit equipped with rat & mouse cage. Passive Avoidance (both step-through & step-down schemes) provided with rat & mouse cages, to assess recent memory and its alterations brought about by drugs. Hole Board (planche à trous) to confront the animals (mice) with a new environment and evaluate their reactions. A family of Ventilators of original design, Cat. 7025 for Rodents, Cat. 6025 for Cats and Rabbits, Cat. 5025 for Dogs and Mammal of similar size, enable the research worker to ventilate the experimental animals according to Starling’s method in the most critical experiments without any problem. The Ugo Basile Ventilators are rugged, quiet in operation, electromagnetically silent, i.e., they do not broadcast RF noise. Activity Cage (assessment of motor activity), for preliminary screening on the action of stimulating and sedative drugs, plus a number of studies on social interaction, feeding, environment. Rota-Rod Treadmills for Rodents have proved to be of great value in research on drugs which are potentially active on motor coordination. We have constant speed and accelerating models; the latter operate according to the method by B..J. Johns and D.J. Roberts. MISCELLANEOUS A VARIETY OF INSTRUMENTS ENCOMPASS THE EVER INCREASING RANGE OF INVESTIGATIONS ON ISOLATED PREPARATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS: The ECT Unit (electroconvulsiv e treatment) is specially designed for neurochemical and neuropharmacol ogical research. Reproducible results and accurate determination of EC Threshold. The Lesion Making Device, designed for the production of a localized lesion in small animal preparations, where DC is preferred to RF output. The Multi-function Printer is a microcontrolled device designed for the acquisition of counting or timing data from six independent channels. The data can be printed out in real time or routed to the PC. The Win- DAS software is required. FOR FUTHER DETAILS SEE MORE ABOUT IT…SEE MORE ABOUT IT… The Isolated Perfused Heart System, as originated by Oscar Langendorff, allows the examination of cardiac inotropic, chronotropic and vascular effects without the complications of an intact animal model. The Radnoti system, marketed by our company encompasses constant pressure & constant flow models as well as "working heart" active analgesic compounds. Tail Flick, Hot Plate and Plantar Test, to ascertain peripherally mediated responses to thermal stimulation caused by drugs. The Analgesy- Meter (paw pressure test) to assess response caused by force exerted on the normal & inflamed paw of a rat. The Plethysmometer, the "standard" instrument, quite popular in the pharmaceutical industry, for accurate measurement of the rat paw swelling. Directly connectable to the PC. BEHAVIOR ACTIVITY MOTOR COORDINATION VENTILATION BRONCHODYNAMIC STUDIES Most popular behavioural tests in the pharmacological investigations: Avoidance, via the Automatic Reflex Conditioner, a microcontrolled unit equipped with rat & mouse cage. Passive Avoidance (both step-through & step-down schemes) provided with rat & mouse cages, to assess recent memory and its alterations brought about by drugs. Hole Board (planche à trous) to confront the animals (mice) with a new environment and evaluate their reactions. A family of Ventilators of original design, Cat. 7025 for Rodents, Cat. 6025 for Cats and Rabbits, Cat. 5025 for Dogs and Mammal of similar size, enable the research worker to ventilate the experimental animals according to Starling’s method in the most critical experiments without any problem. The Ugo Basile Ventilators are rugged, quiet in operation, electromagnetically silent, i.e., they do not broadcast RF noise. Activity Cage (assessment of motor activity), for preliminary screening on the action of stimulating and sedative drugs, plus a number of studies on social interaction, feeding, environment. Rota-Rod Treadmills for Rodents have proved to be of great value in research on drugs which are potentially active on motor coordination. We have constant speed and accelerating models; the latter operate according to the method by B..J. Johns and D.J. Roberts. MISCELLANEOUS A VARIETY OF INSTRUMENTS ENCOMPASS THE EVER INCREASING RANGE OF INVESTIGATIONS ON ISOLATED PREPARATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS: The ECT Unit (electroconvulsiv e treatment) is specially designed for neurochemical and neuropharmacol ogical research. Reproducible results and accurate determination of EC Threshold. The Lesion Making Device, designed for the production of a localized lesion in small animal preparations, where DC is preferred to RF output. The Multi-function Printer is a microcontrolled device designed for the acquisition of counting or timing data from six independent channels. The data can be printed out in real time or routed to the PC. The Win- DAS software is required. FOR FUTHER DETAILS SEE MORE ABOUT IT…SEE MORE ABOUT IT… The Isolated Perfused Heart System, as originated by Oscar Langendorff, allows the examination of cardiac inotropic, chronotropic and vascular effects without the complications of an intact animal model. The Radnoti system, marketed by our company encompasses constant pressure & constant flow models as well as "working heart" active analgesic compounds. Tail Flick, Hot Plate and Plantar Test, to ascertain peripherally mediated responses to thermal stimulation caused by drugs. The Analgesy- Meter (paw pressure test) to assess response caused by force exerted on the normal & inflamed paw of a rat. The Plethysmometer, the "standard" instrument, quite popular in the pharmaceutical industry, for accurate measurement of the rat paw swelling. Directly connectable to the PC. BEHAVIOR ACTIVITY MOTOR COORDINATION VENTILATION BRONCHODYNAMIC STUDIES Most popular behavioural tests in the pharmacological investigations: Avoidance, via the Automatic Reflex Conditioner, a microcontrolled unit equipped with rat & mouse cage. Passive Avoidance (both step-through & step-down schemes) provided with rat & mouse cages, to assess recent memory and its alterations brought about by drugs. Hole Board (planche à trous) to confront the animals (mice) with a new environment and evaluate their reactions. A family of Ventilators of original design, Cat. 7025 for Rodents, Cat. 6025 for Cats and Rabbits, Cat. 5025 for Dogs and Mammal of similar size, enable the research worker to ventilate the experimental animals according to Starling’s method in the most critical experiments without any problem. The Ugo Basile Ventilators are rugged, quiet in operation, electromagnetically silent, i.e., they do not broadcast RF noise. Activity Cage (assessment of motor activity), for preliminary screening on the action of stimulating and sedative drugs, plus a number of studies on social interaction, feeding, environment. Rota-Rod Treadmills for Rodents have proved to be of great value in research on drugs which are potentially active on motor coordination. We have constant speed and accelerating models; the latter operate according to the method by B..J. Johns and D.J. Roberts. MISCELLANEOUS A VARIETY OF INSTRUMENTS ENCOMPASS THE EVER INCREASING RANGE OF INVESTIGATIONS ON ISOLATED PREPARATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS: The ECT Unit (electroconvulsiv e treatment) is specially designed for neurochemical and neuropharmacol ogical research. Reproducible results and accurate determination of EC Threshold. The Lesion Making Device, designed for the production of a localized lesion in small animal preparations, where DC is preferred to RF output. The Multi-function Printer is a microcontrolled device designed for the acquisition of counting or timing data from six independent channels. The data can be printed out in real time or routed to the PC. The Win- DAS software is required. FOR FUTHER DETAILS SEE MORE ABOUT IT…SEE MORE ABOUT IT… The Isolated Perfused Heart System, as originated by Oscar Langendorff, allows the examination of cardiac inotropic, chronotropic and vascular effects without the complications of an intact animal model. The Radnoti system, marketed by our company encompasses constant pressure & constant flow models as well as "working heart" active analgesic compounds. Tail Flick, Hot Plate and Plantar Test, to ascertain peripherally mediated responses to thermal stimulation caused by drugs. The Analgesy- Meter (paw pressure test) to assess response caused by force exerted on the normal & inflamed paw of a rat. The Plethysmometer, the "standard" instrument, quite popular in the pharmaceutical industry, for accurate measurement of the rat paw swelling. Directly connectable to the PC. BEHAVIOR ACTIVITY MOTOR COORDINATION VENTILATION BRONCHODYNAMIC STUDIES Most popular behavioural tests in the pharmacological investigations: Avoidance, via the Automatic Reflex Conditioner, a microcontrolled unit equipped with rat & mouse cage. Passive Avoidance (both step-through & step-down schemes) provided with rat & mouse cages, to assess recent memory and its alterations brought about by drugs. Hole Board (planche à trous) to confront the animals (mice) with a new environment and evaluate their reactions. A family of Ventilators of original design, Cat. 7025 for Rodents, Cat. 6025 for Cats and Rabbits, Cat. 5025 for Dogs and Mammal of similar size, enable the research worker to ventilate the experimental animals according to Starling’s method in the most critical experiments without any problem. The Ugo Basile Ventilators are rugged, quiet in operation, electromagnetically silent, i.e., they do not broadcast RF noise. Activity Cage (assessment of motor activity), for preliminary screening on the action of stimulating and sedative drugs, plus a number of studies on social interaction, feeding, environment. Rota-Rod Treadmills for Rodents have proved to be of great value in research on drugs which are potentially active on motor coordination. We have constant speed and accelerating models; the latter operate according to the method by B..J. Johns and D.J. Roberts. MISCELLANEOUS A VARIETY OF INSTRUMENTS ENCOMPASS THE EVER INCREASING RANGE OF INVESTIGATIONS ON ISOLATED PREPARATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS: The ECT Unit (electroconvulsiv e treatment) is specially designed for neurochemical and neuropharmacol ogical research. Reproducible results and accurate determination of EC Threshold. The Lesion Making Device, designed for the production of a localized lesion in small animal preparations, where DC is preferred to RF output. The Multi-function Printer is a microcontrolled device designed for the acquisition of counting or timing data from six independent channels. The data can be printed out in real time or routed to the PC. The Win- DAS software is required. FOR FUTHER DETAILS SEE MORE ABOUT IT…SEE MORE ABOUT IT… The Isolated Perfused Heart System, as originated by Oscar Langendorff, allows the examination of cardiac inotropic, chronotropic and vascular effects without the complications of an intact animal model. The Radnoti system, marketed by our company encompasses constant pressure & constant flow models as well as "working heart" active analgesic compounds. Tail Flick, Hot Plate and Plantar Test, to ascertain peripherally mediated responses to thermal stimulation caused by drugs. The Analgesy- Meter (paw pressure test) to assess response caused by force exerted on the normal & inflamed paw of a rat. The Plethysmometer, the "standard" instrument, quite popular in the pharmaceutical industry, for accurate measurement of the rat paw swelling. Directly connectable to the PC. BEHAVIOR ACTIVITY MOTOR COORDINATION VENTILATION BRONCHODYNAMIC STUDIES Most popular behavioural tests in the pharmacological investigations: Avoidance, via the Automatic Reflex Conditioner, a microcontrolled unit equipped with rat & mouse cage. Passive Avoidance (both step-through & step-down schemes) provided with rat & mouse cages, to assess recent memory and its alterations brought about by drugs. Hole Board (planche à trous) to confront the animals (mice) with a new environment and evaluate their reactions. A family of Ventilators of original design, Cat. 7025 for Rodents, Cat. 6025 for Cats and Rabbits, Cat. 5025 for Dogs and Mammal of similar size, enable the research worker to ventilate the experimental animals according to Starling’s method in the most critical experiments without any problem. The Ugo Basile Ventilators are rugged, quiet in operation, electromagnetically silent, i.e., they do not broadcast RF noise. Activity Cage (assessment of motor activity), for preliminary screening on the action of stimulating and sedative drugs, plus a number of studies on social interaction, feeding, environment. Rota-Rod Treadmills for Rodents have proved to be of great value in research on drugs which are potentially active on motor coordination. We have constant speed and accelerating models; the latter operate according to the method by B..J. Johns and D.J. Roberts. MISCELLANEOUS A VARIETY OF INSTRUMENTS ENCOMPASS THE EVER INCREASING RANGE OF INVESTIGATIONS ON ISOLATED PREPARATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS: The ECT Unit (electroconvulsiv e treatment) is specially designed for neurochemical and neuropharmacol ogical research. Reproducible results and accurate determination of EC Threshold. The Lesion Making Device, designed for the production of a localized lesion in small animal preparations, where DC is preferred to RF output. The Multi-function Printer is a microcontrolled device designed for the acquisition of counting or timing data from six independent channels. The data can be printed out in real time or routed to the PC. The Win- DAS software is required. FOR FUTHER DETAILS SEE MORE ABOUT IT…SEE MORE ABOUT IT… The Isolated Perfused Heart System, as originated by Oscar Langendorff, allows the examination of cardiac inotropic, chronotropic and vascular effects without the complications of an intact animal model. The Radnoti system, marketed by our company encompasses constant pressure & constant flow models as well as "working heart" active analgesic compounds. Tail Flick, Hot Plate and Plantar Test, to ascertain peripherally mediated responses to thermal stimulation caused by drugs. The Analgesy- Meter (paw pressure test) to assess response caused by force exerted on the normal & inflamed paw of a rat. The Plethysmometer, the "standard" instrument, quite popular in the pharmaceutical industry, for accurate measurement of the rat paw swelling. Directly connectable to the PC. BEHAVIOR ACTIVITY MOTOR COORDINATION VENTILATION BRONCHODYNAMIC STUDIES Most popular behavioural tests in the pharmacological investigations: Avoidance, via the Automatic Reflex Conditioner, a microcontrolled unit equipped with rat & mouse cage. Passive Avoidance (both step-through & step-down schemes) provided with rat & mouse cages, to assess recent memory and its alterations brought about by drugs. Hole Board (planche à trous) to confront the animals (mice) with a new environment and evaluate their reactions. A family of Ventilators of original design, Cat. 7025 for Rodents, Cat. 6025 for Cats and Rabbits, Cat. 5025 for Dogs and Mammal of similar size, enable the research worker to ventilate the experimental animals according to Starling’s method in the most critical experiments without any problem. The Ugo Basile Ventilators are rugged, quiet in operation, electromagnetically silent, i.e., they do not broadcast RF noise. Activity Cage (assessment of motor activity), for preliminary screening on the action of stimulating and sedative drugs, plus a number of studies on social interaction, feeding, environment. Rota-Rod Treadmills for Rodents have proved to be of great value in research on drugs which are potentially active on motor coordination. We have constant speed and accelerating models; the latter operate according to the method by B..J. Johns and D.J. Roberts. MISCELLANEOUS A VARIETY OF INSTRUMENTS ENCOMPASS THE EVER INCREASING RANGE OF INVESTIGATIONS ON ISOLATED PREPARATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS: The ECT Unit (electroconvulsiv e treatment) is specially designed for neurochemical and neuropharmacol ogical research. Reproducible results and accurate determination of EC Threshold. The Lesion Making Device, designed for the production of a localized lesion in small animal preparations, where DC is preferred to RF output. The Multi-function Printer is a microcontrolled device designed for the acquisition of counting or timing data from six independent channels. The data can be printed out in real time or routed to the PC. The Win- DAS software is required. FOR FUTHER DETAILS SEE MORE ABOUT IT…SEE MORE ABOUT IT… The Isolated Perfused Heart System, as originated by Oscar Langendorff, allows the examination of cardiac inotropic, chronotropic and vascular effects without the complications of an intact animal model. The Radnoti system, marketed by our company encompasses constant pressure & constant flow models as well as "working heart" active analgesic compounds. Tail Flick, Hot Plate and Plantar Test, to ascertain peripherally mediated responses to thermal stimulation caused by drugs. The Analgesy- Meter (paw pressure test) to assess response caused by force exerted on the normal & inflamed paw of a rat. The Plethysmometer, the "standard" instrument, quite popular in the pharmaceutical industry, for accurate measurement of the rat paw swelling. Directly connectable to the PC. BEHAVIOR ACTIVITY MOTOR COORDINATION VENTILATION BRONCHODYNAMIC STUDIES Most popular behavioural tests in the pharmacological investigations: Avoidance, via the Automatic Reflex Conditioner, a microcontrolled unit equipped with rat & mouse cage. Passive Avoidance (both step-through & step-down schemes) provided with rat & mouse cages, to assess recent memory and its alterations brought about by drugs. Hole Board (planche à trous) to confront the animals (mice) with a new environment and evaluate their reactions. A family of Ventilators of original design, Cat. 7025 for Rodents, Cat. 6025 for Cats and Rabbits, Cat. 5025 for Dogs and Mammal of similar size, enable the research worker to ventilate the experimental animals according to Starling’s method in the most critical experiments without any problem. The Ugo Basile Ventilators are rugged, quiet in operation, electromagnetically silent, i.e., they do not broadcast RF noise. Activity Cage (assessment of motor activity), for preliminary screening on the action of stimulating and sedative drugs, plus a number of studies on social interaction, feeding, environment. Rota-Rod Treadmills for Rodents have proved to be of great value in research on drugs which are potentially active on motor coordination. We have constant speed and accelerating models; the latter operate according to the method by B..J. Johns and D.J. Roberts. MISCELLANEOUS A VARIETY OF INSTRUMENTS ENCOMPASS THE EVER INCREASING RANGE OF INVESTIGATIONS ON ISOLATED PREPARATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS: The ECT Unit (electroconvulsiv e treatment) is specially designed for neurochemical and neuropharmacol ogical research. Reproducible results and accurate determination of EC Threshold. The Lesion Making Device, designed for the production of a localized lesion in small animal preparations, where DC is preferred to RF output. The Multi-function Printer is a microcontrolled device designed for the acquisition of counting or timing data from six independent channels. The data can be printed out in real time or routed to the PC. The Win- DAS software is required. FOR FUTHER DETAILS SEE MORE ABOUT IT…SEE MORE ABOUT IT… The Isolated Perfused Heart System, as originated by Oscar Langendorff, allows the examination of cardiac inotropic, chronotropic and vascular effects without the complications of an intact animal model. The Radnoti system, marketed by our company encompasses constant pressure & constant flow models as well as "working heart" active analgesic compounds. Tail Flick, Hot Plate and Plantar Test, to ascertain peripherally mediated responses to thermal stimulation caused by drugs. The Analgesy- Meter (paw pressure test) to assess response caused by force exerted on the normal & inflamed paw of a rat. The Plethysmometer, the "standard" instrument, quite popular in the pharmaceutical industry, for accurate measurement of the rat paw swelling. Directly connectable to the PC. BEHAVIOR ACTIVITY MOTOR COORDINATION VENTILATION BRONCHODYNAMIC STUDIES Most popular behavioural tests in the pharmacological investigations: Avoidance, via the Automatic Reflex Conditioner, a microcontrolled unit equipped with rat & mouse cage. Passive Avoidance (both step-through & step-down schemes) provided with rat & mouse cages, to assess recent memory and its alterations brought about by drugs. Hole Board (planche à trous) to confront the animals (mice) with a new environment and evaluate their reactions. A family of Ventilators of original design, Cat. 7025 for Rodents, Cat. 6025 for Cats and Rabbits, Cat. 5025 for Dogs and Mammal of similar size, enable the research worker to ventilate the experimental animals according to Starling’s method in the most critical experiments without any problem. The Ugo Basile Ventilators are rugged, quiet in operation, electromagnetically silent, i.e., they do not broadcast RF noise. Activity Cage (assessment of motor activity), for preliminary screening on the action of stimulating and sedative drugs, plus a number of studies on social interaction, feeding, environment. Rota-Rod Treadmills for Rodents have proved to be of great value in research on drugs which are potentially active on motor coordination. We have constant speed and accelerating models; the latter operate according to the method by B..J. Johns and D.J. Roberts. MISCELLANEOUS A VARIETY OF INSTRUMENTS ENCOMPASS THE EVER INCREASING RANGE OF INVESTIGATIONS ON ISOLATED PREPARATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS: The ECT Unit (electroconvulsiv e treatment) is specially designed for neurochemical and neuropharmacol ogical research. Reproducible results and accurate determination of EC Threshold. The Lesion Making Device, designed for the production of a localized lesion in small animal preparations, where DC is preferred to RF output. The Multi-function Printer is a microcontrolled device designed for the acquisition of counting or timing data from six independent channels. The data can be printed out in real time or routed to the PC. The Win- DAS software is required. FOR FUTHER DETAILS SEE MORE ABOUT IT…SEE MORE ABOUT IT… The Isolated Perfused Heart System, as originated by Oscar Langendorff, allows the examination of cardiac inotropic, chronotropic and vascular effects without the complications of an intact animal model. The Radnoti system, marketed by our company encompasses constant pressure & constant flow models as well as "working heart" active analgesic compounds. Tail Flick, Hot Plate and Plantar Test, to ascertain peripherally mediated responses to thermal stimulation caused by drugs. The Analgesy- Meter (paw pressure test) to assess response caused by force exerted on the normal & inflamed paw of a rat. The Plethysmometer, the "standard" instrument, quite popular in the pharmaceutical industry, for accurate measurement of the rat paw swelling. Directly connectable to the PC. BEHAVIOR ACTIVITY MOTOR COORDINATION VENTILATION BRONCHODYNAMIC STUDIES Most popular behavioural tests in the pharmacological investigations: Avoidance, via the Automatic Reflex Conditioner, a microcontrolled unit equipped with rat & mouse cage. Passive Avoidance (both step-through & step-down schemes) provided with rat & mouse cages, to assess recent memory and its alterations brought about by drugs. Hole Board (planche à trous) to confront the animals (mice) with a new environment and evaluate their reactions. A family of Ventilators of original design, Cat. 7025 for Rodents, Cat. 6025 for Cats and Rabbits, Cat. 5025 for Dogs and Mammal of similar size, enable the research worker to ventilate the experimental animals according to Starling’s method in the most critical experiments without any problem. The Ugo Basile Ventilators are rugged, quiet in operation, electromagnetically silent, i.e., they do not broadcast RF noise. Activity Cage (assessment of motor activity), for preliminary screening on the action of stimulating and sedative drugs, plus a number of studies on social interaction, feeding, environment. Rota-Rod Treadmills for Rodents have proved to be of great value in research on drugs which are potentially active on motor coordination. We have constant speed and accelerating models; the latter operate according to the method by B..J. Johns and D.J. Roberts. MISCELLANEOUS A VARIETY OF INSTRUMENTS ENCOMPASS THE EVER INCREASING RANGE OF INVESTIGATIONS ON ISOLATED PREPARATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS: The ECT Unit (electroconvulsiv e treatment) is specially designed for neurochemical and neuropharmacol ogical research. Reproducible results and accurate determination of EC Threshold. The Lesion Making Device, designed for the production of a localized lesion in small animal preparations, where DC is preferred to RF output. The Multi-function Printer is a microcontrolled device designed for the acquisition of counting or timing data from six independent channels. The data can be printed out in real time or routed to the PC. The Win- DAS software is required. FOR FUTHER DETAILS SEE MORE ABOUT IT…SEE MORE ABOUT IT… The Isolated Perfused Heart System, as originated by Oscar Langendorff, allows the examination of cardiac inotropic, chronotropic and vascular effects without the complications of an intact animal model. The Radnoti system, marketed by our company encompasses constant pressure & constant flow models as well as "working heart"