1. NAME____________ YEAR& SECTION______ DATE___________ TEACHER_________ The residents in Sampad, Masbate has the least access to get potable water. The residents’ main source of water is a well, and collects water when it rains. Water mixed with mud and tastes like mud Since the barangay is very remote, there is no established mineral water station yet. Any means to drink water is welcome, even if it means having to mix their children milk with salty water from the well. Many residents have diarrhea and UNICEF study found that the water supply is contaminated by bacteria and thus harmful to health. What would you recommend to make the water safe for drinking?

2. Which of the following would be your response? Encircle one response. If you have other responses in mind, write them inside the circle labeled “other response”. Methods for making the water safe for drinking Use cheese cloth (katsa) to screen the harmful particles Boil the water to kill the bacteria. _________________ Other response Add chlorine to disinfect the water

3. Now get a partner and compare your responses. Afterwards, answer the following: 1. Did both of you choose the same method ? ________________________________ 2. After knowing the method your partner chose, do you feel confident about your own response? Why or why not? ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ 3. What can we do to find out which among these methods is most effective? ________________________________ ________________________________ _______________________________ Now get a partner and compare your responses. Afterwards, answer the following: 1. Did both of you choose the same method ? ________________________________ 2. After knowing the method your partner chose, do you feel confident about your own response? Why or why not? ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ 3. What can we do to find out which among these methods is most effective? ________________________________ ________________________________ _______________________________ GUIDE QUESTIONS: 1. Which method did you choose ? __________________________________ 2. What was your basis for choosing this method? __________________________________ ______________________________ 3. How sure are you that the method you have chosen is safe and effective? Explain. __________________________________ _____________________________ 4. After performing the method you chose, are you willing to drink the water? Why or Why not? __________________________________ ______________________________ ___________________________ GUIDE QUESTIONS: 1. Which method did you choose ? __________________________________ 2. What was your basis for choosing this method? __________________________________ ______________________________ 3. How sure are you that the method you have chosen is safe and effective? Explain. __________________________________ _____________________________ 4. After performing the method you chose, are you willing to drink the water? Why or Why not? __________________________________ ______________________________ ___________________________

4. Form a group with other members of the class who chose the same method. Go to the station assigned by your teachers. Then, together perform the method you chose. Afterwards, try describing the water by filling up the FIRST FOUR COLUMNS of the table at the right based on the results. Be ready to discuss your answers with the class afterwards. To find out which among your responses is most effective, let’s try this activity. MethodColorTextureSmell / Taste PH Value

5. To test which method produced the safest drinking water, we will use the PH meter which is one of the best ways of testing water’s acidity content. Ask for the assistance of your teacher on how to use it. Then, fill up the FIFTH COLUMN of your table based on the result. Afterwards compare your table with those of the other groups by answering the questions below. 1.What is the pH value of the water you tested? ____________________________________________________________ 2. Which method produced the clearest water? ____________________________________________________________ 3. Which method produced the most pleasant water texture? ___________________________________________________________ 4. Which method produced the most pleasant taste and odor? ___________________________________________________________ 5 Which method produced the PH level closest to 7? _____________________________________________________________ 6.Based on the results of our activity, which do you think is the best method? _____________________________________________________________

6. To validate our findings, find out what experts have got to say about our activity. Click the website below to know more. http://www.doh.wa.gov/phepr/handbook/purify.htm ( a website on water treatment using boiling method and purifying water using bleach) Guide Questions: 1. What methods are cited in your readings? Explain each briefly. _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2.Of these methods, which is the most effective and safest in treating contaminated water from floods, streams, lakes and rain? _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 3.What makes it more effective and safer than the other methods? _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Based on what you have read, what other contaminants can cause drinking water to be unsafe? _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 5. If contaminants other than bacteria or virus are found in the water, do you think the method you mentioned in number 2 would be effective? Why or why not? _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Guide Questions: 1. What methods are cited in your readings? Explain each briefly. _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2.Of these methods, which is the most effective and safest in treating contaminated water from floods, streams, lakes and rain? _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 3.What makes it more effective and safer than the other methods? _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Based on what you have read, what other contaminants can cause drinking water to be unsafe? _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 5. If contaminants other than bacteria or virus are found in the water, do you think the method you mentioned in number 2 would be effective? Why or why not? _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

7. http://www.princeton.edu/~oa/manual/water.shtml (a website about boiling, chemical purification treatment and filtration) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification ( a website about pre treatment, ph adjustment, sedimentation and other purification methods) To learn more methods of making water safe for drinking, let us read the following websites. You may use the table on the next slide as your guide for you to know which details must you pay attention to. Click the websites now and enjoy reading.

8. After reading several methods of making water safe, let us now compare the different processes by filling up the table below. You may go back to the websites if you need to. Be ready to share your work with the class. CriteriaFiltrationChemical Disinfection SedimentationOther purification Method _________ Most important procedure Apparatus / materials used Advantages Disadvantages

9. Guide Questions : 1.What are the advantages of using distillation process? ______________________________________________________________ 2. If you are to make your own simple distillation apparatus, what improvised materials could you use? _____________________________________________________________ 3. List at least 4 contaminants which can be removed by distillation. ______________________________________________________________ 4. What are the processes/ stages in distillation? ______________________________________________________________ 5. What substances cannot be removed by distillation? Why? ___________________________________________________________________ After learning various water treatment methods, we will now focus our attention to one of the simplest yet most effective methods- the DISTILLATION process. Click on the websites below to learn more about this. http://www.thefarm.org/charities/i4at/surv/distill.htm ( a website about water distillation and improvising a distillation apparatus) http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/chemistry/usefulproductsoil/oil_and_oilproduc tsrev4.shtml (a website about stages of distillation) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation ( a website on kinds of distillation and parts of distillation apparatus)

10. To be able to use the distillation process in our own household, we must first learn how to set up a distillation apparatus. Click the website below to see the picture of the set-up. Click also the different parts of the set-up to learn the name and function of each part. While looking at the websites, try l abeling the parts of the diagram in the worksheet to be provided by your teacher. http://orgchem.colorado.edu/hndbksupport/dist/distsetup/distsetmain.html (a website which details the different parts of the distillation apparatus) Its time for you to see and set-up the real apparatus. With the assistance of your teacher and lab technician, set –up the apparatus by following the steps you have read from the website. Try to find out too, if your answers in the worksheet are correct by comparing them with the “real” thing. Feel free to discuss your answers with your classmates and teacher.

11. You are now ready to perform water distillation method. Try doing the following steps: 1.Form a group with 4-5 members. 2.Follow the procedures you learned from the websites and class discussions. You may use your notes as guide. 3.Record your observations by answering the worksheets on the next two slides. 4.Apply the PH test to your output ( distilled water) to find out if you performed the method properly. You are now ready to perform water distillation method. Try doing the following steps: 1.Form a group with 4-5 members. 2.Follow the procedures you learned from the websites and class discussions. You may use your notes as guide. 3.Record your observations by answering the worksheets on the next two slides. 4.Apply the PH test to your output ( distilled water) to find out if you performed the method properly.

12. Laboratory Apparatus Set up Laboratory Procedures Procedure A __________________________________ Now, with your group, try describing each of the distillation processes. Explain what happens to water based on the illustrations and on your observations. Write your answers on the space provided. Be ready to discuss your answers with your teacher and classmates.

13. Procedure B ________________________________ Procedure C ____________________________________________ Procedure D ________________________________________ Procedure E ______________________________________

14. ColorTexture Smell / Taste PH Value Compare now your table with the table for the method you chose at the beginning of this lesson. Based on your observation, which has better results? Write your conclusions below. Conclusions: Let us now evaluate the water we have distilled by filling up this table.

15. You will now put everything into practice. Your task and final output is to produce distilled water using an improvised distillation apparatus which you, yourself will make. Be guided by the rubrics at the last slide. Good luck and happy working ! You surely had a lot of fun learning with that activity. Here’s another chance for you to check how much you have learned from all the activities you went through. Click on this on line quiz to find out...\LCLE\ Chem Quiz.ppt then answer the following:..\LCLE\ Chem Quiz.ppt 1.What was your score?________________ 2.Which item (s) have you had much difficulty with ? ________________ Why?_____________________________ 3.What should you keep in mind to be able to get the right answer to those questions? _________________________________ 4.Try taking the quiz again then indicate your score here. ____________

16. R U B R I C CriteriaBeginning 1-2 Accomplished 3-4 Exemplary 5 Score ApparatusNot presentable; not working properly Presentable; working well Highly presentable, attractive and working very efficiently Color of waterCloudyClearVery clear Texture of waterSlimy, greasy or hard; with lots of precipitate or particles Soft; with little precipitate or particles Very soft; with no precipitate or particles Smell /taste of waterFoul odor; unpleasant taste With slight odor and taste Odorless; tasteless PH value of water Highly basic or acidic PH =9-11 PH=5 Slightly basic or acidic PH =6 PH=8 Neutral PH=7