2. Bullying Using Websites http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/bullying/cyber_bullying.html

3. DIFFERENCES BULLYING DIRECT Occurs on school property Poor relationships with teachers Fear retribution Physical: Hitting, Punching & Shoving Verbal: Teasing, Name calling & Gossip Nonverbal: Use of gestures & Exclusion www.stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov CYBERBULLYING ANONYMOUS Occurs off school property Good relationships with teachers Fear loss of technology privileges Further under the radar than bullying Emotional reactions cannot be determined {McKenna & Bargh, 2004; Ybarra & Mitchell, 2004} From ‘Demystifying and Deescalating Cyber Bullying’ by Barbara Trolley, Ph.D. CRC, Connie Hanel, M.S.E.d & Linda Shields, M.S.E.d. http://www.nyssca.org/CYBERBULLYING-pp-BT28th.ppt http://www.nyssca.org/CYBERBULLYING-pp-BT28th.ppt

4. What is Cyberbullying? Cyberbullying involves the use of information and communication technologies such as email, cell phone and pager text messages, instant messaging (IM), defamatory personal web sites, and defamatory online personal polling web sites, to support deliberate, repeated, and hostile behavior by an individual or group, that is intended to harm others (Keith & Martin, 2004).

5. Recently, i-SAFE America conducted a national survey of more than 1500 students -ranging from fourth to eighth grade.

7. iSafe Survey 58% of kids admit someone has said mean or hurtful things to them online 53% of kids admit having said something mean or hurtful things to another online 42% of kids have been bullied while online 34% were threatened

8. CYBER BULLYING PREVALENCE Aftab’s statistics:  90% of middle school students they polled had their feelings hurt online  65% of their students between 8-14 have been involved directly or indirectly in a cyber bullying incident as the cyber bully, victim or friend  50% had seen or heard of a website bashing of another student  75% had visited a website bashing  40% had their password stolen and changed by a bully (locking them out of their own account) or sent communications posing as them  Problems in studies: not assessing the ‘real thing’ i.e. Only 15% of parent polled knew what cyber bullying was

9. CYBER BULLYING PREVALENCE Cyber bullying typically starts at about 9 years of age and usually ends after 14 years of age; after 14, it becomes cyber or sexual harassment due to nature of acts and age of actors (Aftab) Affects 65-85% of kids in the core group directly or indirectly through close friends (Aftab) http://www.aftab.com/

10. When Joanne had a row with a longtime friend last year, she had no idea it would spill into cyberspace. But what started as a spat at a teenage sleepover swiftly escalated into a three-month harangue of threatening e-mails and defacement of her weblog. "It was a non- stop nightmare," says Joanne, 14, a freshman at a private high school in Southern California. "I dreaded going on my computer."

11. "If I find you, I will beat you up," one message read. Frightened, Michael blocked their IM addresses but didn't tell his parents for two weeks. "It scared me," he recalls. "It was the first time I was bullied." At one Elementary School in Fairfax, Va. last year, sixth-grade students conducted an online poll to determine the ugliest classmate, school officials say.

12. "The person was pretending it was me, and using it to call people names," the 14-year-old Seattle student said. "I never found out who it was." In June 2003 a twelve-year-old Japanese girl killed her classmate because she was angry about messages that had been posted about her on the Internet.

13. Canadian teenager David Knight’s life became hell when a group of his school mates established a “Hate David Knight” website and posted denigrating pictures and abuse and invited the global community to join in the hate campaign.

14. Why Use Technology to Bully? Anonymity Rapid deployment and dissemination Immediate Rich medium Natural

15. How Do People Cyberbully Others? Exclusion Outing Polling Stalking Libel Blackmail Flaming E-mail Websites Impersonation

16. What is the Impact of Cyberbullying? Psychological, physical, and emotional depression, anxiety, anger, school failure, school avoidance, suicide, and school violence Role modeling for others which increases likelihood of increased bullying

17. What is the Impact of Cyberbullying? Legal consequences for school and families (slander, defamation, terroristic threats, sexual exploitation, etc.) Family Complications Very difficult to take back once it begins. Antithetical to the overall school mission

18. CYBER BULLY CATEGORIES “Inadvertent” –Role-play –Responding –May not realize it’s cyber bullying “Vengeful Angel” –Righting wrongs –Protecting themselves “Mean Girls” –Bored; Entertainment –Ego based; promote own social status –Often do in a group –Intimidate on and off line –Need others to bully; if isolated, stop “ Power-Hungry ”  Want reaction  Controlling with fear “ Revenge of the Nerds ” (“Subset of Power-Hungry”)  Often Victims of school-yard bullies  Throw ‘cyber-weight’ around  Not school-yard bullies like Power-Hungry & Mean Girls {Parry Aftab. Esq., Executive Director, WiredSafety.org}

20. What Educators Can Do … Conduct a needs/threat assessment Review school policy Provide opportunities for professional development of school staff (and parents). Classroom guidance System of reporting (especially among peers) Work with authorities and ISP Counseling Anti-bullying programs

21. What Parents Can Do Keep computer in a place easy to monitor Use monitoring software and/or blocking/filtering Work with the school, authorities, and ISP Get tech literate Communicate with children about the issue Programmable cell phones Support the victims –Don’t blame the victim –Don’t freak out

22. What Kids Can Do …

23. Discipline & Legal Issues Back to YouTube Video…YouTube Video… Is there a legal duty for school administrators to protect the safety and security of students when they are in school and when they are using the Internet through the district system? Yes! Schools have an obligation to protect students and/or employees from harassing, threatening, or bullying conduct.

24. Discipline & Legal Issues That said, as you will see, balancing this obligation with the concurrent obligation to respect students’ speech rights often makes this quite difficult Tinker Standard -Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District, 1969 -“Considered to be the high watermark of students’ First Amendment rights”

25. Discipline & Legal Issues Law Enforcement should be contacted if educator becomes aware of: Death threats or threats of other forms of violence to a person or property Excessive intimidation or extortion Threats or intimidation that involve any form of bias or discrimination Any evidence of sexual exploitation

26. What Do You Think? A common scenario recently has been students creating false online profiles of administrators and teachers. Students posted parody on MySpace.com claiming the principal smoked pot, kept beer at school and liked having sex with students. Principal suspended students and sued family for damaging his reputation. What do you think?

27. The Verdict! Judge finds suspension of student for MySpace parody of school principal unconstitutional. “Hermitage School District violated the First Amendment free-speech rights of a student when it punished him for creating a parody profile of his principal on the MySpace.com website because the District failed to show that the profile - which was created off-campus - caused any disruption to the school day, a federal judge ruled late yesterday.”

28. What Do Think? A website is created about a teacher that indicated “Why She Should Die” and solicited contributions for a “hit man.” Verdict guess? Here the court found there was substantial disruption, because the teacher was so upset she had to take leave.

29. What Do Think? One student’s website depicted his assistant principal in a Viagra ad, as a cartoon character having sex, and as a participant in a Nazi book burning. Verdict guess? “Appalling and inappropriate,” the court conceded. But no disruption, no grounds for discipline.

30. What Would You Do? A parent brings the principal a disturbing posting she has found online posted by a student. It reads: Philosophy So that’s the only way to solve arguments with all you $%&*heads out there. I just kill you! God I cant wait till I can kill you people. Feel no remorse. No shame. I don’t care if I live or die in the shootout, all I want to do is to kill and injure as many of you pricks as I can, especially a few people. Like (name of student).

31. Ben reports seeing Tony using his cell phone in the locker room taking pictures of students while they are changing for PE. What Would You Do?

32. Sam, a high school student, has publicly acknowledged that he is gay. Jerry, another student, has created a profile that focuses on Sam. Jerry’s profile is entirely focused on condemning homosexuality. Sam and his parents have reported this site to the school and are demanding the school have the site taken down. Sam is now fearful when he comes to school as he has had some negative incidents that appear to be related to this site What Would You Do?

33. Summing It Up “Substantial Disruption” is a high hurdle for schools. Whether or not you can impose formal discipline may end up being the least important question – Stopping the harm is the most important objective Schools can always educate. Schools should regulate with caution. Beef up your bullying policy to include cyberbullying.

34. Resources Online column about cyberbullying (http://www.schoolcounselor.com/pubs/cyberbull ying-sabella.doc)http://www.schoolcounselor.com/pubs/cyberbull ying-sabella.doc http://cyberbully.org/ –Parent’s guide –Educators guide more! –News reports –National Alliance for Safe Schools http://www.safeschools.org/ http://www.safeschools.org/ Provides training, technical assistance, and publications to school districts interested in reducing school based crime and violence.

35. Resources National Education Association’s National Bullying Awareness Campaign http://www.nea.org/issues/safescho/bullying http://www.nea.org/issues/safescho/bullying National School Safety Center http://www.nssc1.org/http://www.nssc1.org/ –Provides training, technical assistance, and resources on school safety and school crime prevention; offers training films on various issues; conducts national public service campaigns. The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program http://modelprograms.samhsa.gov/pdfs/FactSheets/Olweus%20Bull y.pdf http://modelprograms.samhsa.gov/pdfs/FactSheets/Olweus%20Bull y.pdf –A model program of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The program is a multilevel, multi-component school-based program designed to prevent or reduce bullying in elementary, middle, and junior high schools. http://www.stopbullyingnow.com/