1. Status and trends in water use in the southeastern United States Alabama AWRA October 12, 2005 Susan S. Hutson USGS University of Memphis Hsiang-Te Kung, Ph.D. Professor Esra Ozdenerol, Ph.D. Asst. Prof. Jungyul Sohn, Ph.D, Asst. Prof.

3. Southeastern United States Total water withdrawals by source

4. Water withdrawals by quality of water 1960 to 2000

5. How water is used in the Southeast

6. Water availability, water use, and demographic and socioeconomic indicators Thermoelectric power sector Hydro and thermo power accounted for 67 percent of electricity generated by TVA in 2000 The importance is greater than the income from the power sales Electricity served as a base for the economy of the region that was valued at $246b for goods and services

7. Total water withdrawals excluding thermoelectric power 1960 to 2000

9. SE public supply WU 1960-2000  Increased PS withdrawals 230%  Increased population 89 %  Increase population served 134 %  Increased gross per capita use 1960 137 gallons per person per day 2000 174 gallons per person per day

10. Effect of changing demographics on public-supply withdrawals

11. Demographics and water use 2000 Census  Ranked by population size FL 4 GA10 NC11 VA12 TN16 AL23 KY25 SC 26 MS31

12. Demographics and water use 2025 projections  Total net increase SE 17.5 million  Largest projected net increase CA1 17.7 million TX2 8.5 FL3 6.5 GA4 2.7 NC7 2.2 VA8 1.8 TN13 1.4

13. Population projections: States, 1995-2025 U.S. Census Bureau  Fastest-growing population by % CA1 56% FL946% GA1537% NC16 30% VA18 28% TN19 27% SC20 26% U.S.28%

14. Demographics and public-supply water use U.S. Census Bureau  In 1950, the U.S. population became predominantly metropolitan and became increasingly metropolitan in each subsequent decade  This increasingly concentrated population received its drinking water from public supplies. Population served by public supplies expanded, increasing from 58 to 81 percent of the population.

15. Demographics and public-supply water use U.S. Census Bureau  Since 1990, more than half of the U.S. population has lived in metropolitan areas of at least 1 million people.  In 2002, public supply systems serving more than 100,000 people served more than 30 percent of the population

16. Demographics and public-supply water use U.S. Census Bureau  Most of the growth occurred in the suburbs, with little change in the percentage of population living in central cities.  As a result systems expanded lines to meet the new demand or to meet the demand for publicly supplied instead of self-supplied drinking water.

17. Demographic implications for Public Supply  Increased demand in large areas of concentrated population may strain local water availability Hydrology--more distant source alternatives Legal--question of who has a right to the more distant sources  Increased cost/rates by the larger systems to meet more stringent USEPA requirements Engineering--granulated activated carbon filtration

18. Changing face of industrial water use in the Southeast  Traditional manufacturing— large users of self- supplied water Chemicals Pulp and paper Primary metals Food processing

19. Changing face of industrial water use in the Southeast  Modern manufacturing— modest users of publicly-supplied water Transportation equipment Computer & electronic products Machinery manufacture

20. Status of data collection Industrial water use USGS  Data model for 2000 Self-supplied withdrawals only emphasized the impact on the water resource--withdrawals  Data model from 1960 to 1995 Self-supplied withdrawals Publicly- supplied deliveries

21. Industrial water use

22. Summary Industrial freshwater use 1995 ALFLGAKYMSNCSCTNVA % self 77 669466948796 self 733345633347290369700863583 public 213103194197201934413088

23. Manufacturing and industrial water use  Manufacturing employees 2000  SE 3.8m  MI&OH 1.9m 2005  SE 3.1m  MI&OH 1.5m  Manufacturing firms SE69,241 MI & OH34,257

24. Industrial water use--Southeast State Manu contribution to real GSP growth in % Motor vehicles contribution to real growth in manufacturing in % AL169.1 FL510.8 GA1413.3 KY2114.4 MS1614.5 NC2213.2 SC1921.9 TN1713.8 VA127.5

25. s-s industrial water use-2000 Georgia Industrygw Mgal/dsw Mgal/dPercent of total Contribution to real 1992-2000 GSP Mining 8.022.051.24 Food 9.946.072.45.2 Textiles 10.3215.184.02.0 Paper 122.56296.79640.7 Chemicals 84.5537.58196.3 Petroleum.310>110.3 Rubber 1.470>110.8 Stone, clay 53.066.1494.0 Primary metals.790>12.1 Elec mach 16.2

26. Industrial growth and water use in the southeastern region  Status of USGS water-use data collection Site-specific data  Self-supplied industrial  Thermoelectric power  public supply Not public supply deliveries  Benefits of the data

27. Framing the inevitable question Will there be sufficient water resources to sustain economic growth and the quality of life?