1. GEOLOGYGEOTECHMININGPROCESSINGVALUATION/RISKTECHNOLOGIESENVIRONMENTTRAINING Sampling Case Studies Presented by Mark Noppe At IQPC Mine Site Sampling, Brisbane 14-15 May 2013

2. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Content Importance of sampling Sampling errors Channel sampling Riffle sampling Coal sampling Pulp sampling QA/QC data Bulk density Databases 2

3. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Xstract disclaimer © 2013 Xstract Mining Consultants Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. This presentation has been prepared by Xstract Mining Consultants Pty Ltd (“Xstract”) (ABN 62 129 791 279). It is being made available for information purposes only. The information in this presentation is of a general nature only, and represents Xstract’s preliminary views. Xstract makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reasonableness or completeness of any statement or projection in this presentation. The information contained in this presentation is confidential and must not be disclosed to any other person without the prior consent of Xstract. 3

4. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Importance of sampling 4

5. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Where sampling errors occur 5

6. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Sampling error 6 Going from the bottom up, all the errors are accumulated in a Sampling Error

7. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Analytical error 7 The Analytical Error arises from the technique or instrument used to analyse the sample Do you think this error is large or small?

8. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Sample collection error 8 The Sample Collection Error is the sum of all the errors below it

9. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Localisation error 9 The Localisation Error is the error that arises from poorly locating the sampling points

10. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Materialisation error 10 The Materialisation Error is the sum of the Delimitation and Extraction Error (DE and EE) and the Grouping and Segregation Error (GSE) DE and EE both relate to obtaining the sample

11. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Channel sampling: Zambia copper, Brazil gold 11 Samplers selectively sampling ore zone

12. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Mali gold – overwhelmed riffle sampling 12 Riffle splitter versus automatic RC chip sampling Good example of use Incorrect use of splitter

13. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Riffles and cones 13 Three-tiered riffle splitter

14. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Cone sampler 14 Cone splitter

15. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Coal examples 15 Loss of fines during drilling and/or sampling Poor recovery, effects typically bright (good quality coal bands) Coal and/or coking yield assessment

16. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Coal examples 16 Indonesia – parting not sampled, coal qualities overstated Coal seams

17. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Coal examples 17 Shift sampling – shift sample tampering

18. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Segregation error – pulp sampling 18 Gold mine – gold pulp sampling bias

19. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com QA/QC data analysis 19 Alumina XRF – trends in data overlooked

20. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com QA/QC data analysis 20 DRC – no correlation between duplicates

21. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Bulk density sampling 21 Grab samples for grade control – used in model too, not “air dried”, no moisture adjustment, poor use of grab sample, no correction for “vugghy” samples Moisture content?

22. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Bulk density sampling 22 Belt sampling – seasonal moisture issues

23. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Database errors 23 % or ppm, particularly for cobalt from mixed database sources

24. Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com Thank you for your attention For any follow up questions or enquires please contact: Mark Noppe Managing Director & Principal Consultant Xstract Mining Consultants Pty Ltd +61 7 3221 2366 mnoppe@xstractgroup.com 24 Offices Brisbane, AustraliaPerth, Australia Phone: +61 7 3221 2366Phone: +61 8 9327 9500 Email: enquiries@xstractgroup.comEmail: perth@xstractgroup.com Adelaide, AustraliaNewcastle, Australia Phone: +61 8 9265 4152Phone: +61 7 3221 2366 Email: enquiries@xstractgroup.comEmail: enquiries@xstractgroup.com Ulaanbaatar, MongoliaLondon, United Kingdom Phone: +976 7744 0000Phone: +44 207 002 1012 Email: mongolia@xstractgroup.comEmail: london@xstractgroup.com 24 Xstract - Excellence from the Outset XstractGroup.com