1. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice A Few Miscellaneous New Ideas in Sampling Dominique Francois-Bongarcon Agoratek International Canada

2. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice Content of Talk QAQC Techniques for Sample Duplicates News in Moving Belt Sampling Liberation Factor in Gy’s Formula An Update on Research in Segregation

3. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice QAQC Techniques for Sample Duplicates

4. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice Pairs of Sample Duplicates To eliminate outliers (for stable bias or precision calculations) and for flagging unacceptable lacks of reproducibility (e.g. for data rejection), the traditional ‘+/- x%’ lines on a scatter diagram are a monumental failure. Additionally, they are often not applied well: for +/- 10%, the lines are not with slopes 0.90 and 1.10 !! A better method is one that first respects the natural shape of the scatter diagram (i.e. hyperbolic lines)

5. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice

6. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice

7. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice

8. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice

9. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice Sampling News: Moving Belt Pulp splitters Pressured Pipe

10. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice GO-BELT SAMPLERS Found to be biased, with no exception every time tested! A new model was designed to address all sources of bias. It is now available from Multotec. CSIRO simulations were very encouraging and confirmed the likeliness of non-bias. Real life tests are to be performed after June.

11. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice

12. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice PULP SPLITTER

13. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice PRESSURED PIPE SAMPLER A sampler able to take a correct sample from a pressured slurry pipe (i.e. guaranteed to be bias-free) has been designed. It is now being engineered.

14. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice Liberation Factor in Gy’s Formula

15. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice Liberation Factor In Gy’s theory: Rel.Var.[S] = c f g d N 3 / M S x with 0 < < 1 Models for have been researched and found, based on an intuitive interpretation of its nature, that have been working very well (Francois-Bongarcon, 1992-2013).

16. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice Liberation Factor A very recent development closed this research (which was aimed at completing Gy’s theory): the objective, mathematical definition of the liberation factor was finally established: = Rel. Var.[S] / Rel. Var.[S L ] where S L is the liberated sample with the same number of fragments as S.

17. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice Liberation Factor This probably opens the door for experimental assessment of factor point by point, i.e. the building of better heterogeneity models.

18. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice A New Look at Segregation

19. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice Segregation In the Theory Of Sampling (a.k.a.Gy’s theory) segregation is recognized as an omnipresent, normal property of particulate materials. It changes with stirring, making the ‘degree of segregation’ a transient property, yet it has an equilibrium degree around which it fluctuates.

20. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice Segregation A mathematical derivation pushed to the limit of both perfect segregation and perfect homogeneity, allows us to describe the (real) relative sampling variance of a properly taken sample in the presence of segregation as: S R 2 = [1+ ξ (NF-NG)/NG] S 2 FSE which provided/explained the Incremental Sampling solution

21. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice Segregation: next steps Characterization of the mathematical expectation of ξ Mathematical models of segregated fragment selection (G. Lymann, B.Geelhoed) All of this concerns segregation as the juxtaposition of fragments in the lot at the moment the sample is taken.

22. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice Segregation: next steps Ordinary Sticky within one family of fragments Sticky from one family to the other ones A new axis of research is opened by the classification of segregation into various types, that will respond differently to different splitting procedures or devices (dynamic theory of segregation):

23. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice Segregation: next steps The practical relevance is obvious! It will derive on a classification of splitters as well.

24. Sampling Australia 2013 - Brisbane - May 14-15 Putting Sampling Theory in Practice THANK YOU!