2. NONLINGUISTIC REPRESENTATIONS By Thomas Pena

3. Generalizations that can guide teachers in the use of nonlinguistic representations include: 1.A variety of activities produce nonlinguistic representations. 2.Nonlinguistic representations should elaborate on knowledge.

4. DESCRIPTIVE PATTERNS PersonsPersons PlacesPlaces ThingsThings EventsEvents Descriptive Patterns can be used to represent facts about specific:

5. Graphic organizers combine: Linguistic Mode – words and phrases.Linguistic Mode – words and phrases. Nonlinguistic Mode – symbols and arrows to represent relationships.Nonlinguistic Mode – symbols and arrows to represent relationships.

6. Types of Graphic Organizers Descriptive Pattern OrganizerDescriptive Pattern Organizer Time Sequence Pattern OrganizerTime Sequence Pattern Organizer Process/Cause-Effect Pattern OrganizerProcess/Cause-Effect Pattern Organizer Episode Pattern OrganizerEpisode Pattern Organizer Generalization/Principle Pattern OrganizerGeneralization/Principle Pattern Organizer Concept Pattern OrganizerConcept Pattern Organizer

7. DESCRIPTIVE PATTERN WWII 1941 - 1945 Nazi Germany AXIS Alliance Genocide Allied Forces

8. TIME SEQUENCE W o r l d W a r I W o r l d W a r I I K o r e a n W a r V i e t n a m W a r G u l f W a r Wars Of The 20 th Century

9. PROCESS / CAUSE-EFFECT Allied Forces Central Powers WWI Peace Conference in Paris Treatyof Versailles Versailles 70 delegates from 27 victorious nations

10. EPISODE PATTERN WORLD WAR II 1941 - 1945 4 years European & Pacific Theatres HitlerRooseveltChurchill Germany split in two, Berlin quartered. Time Place Duration Germany invades Poland. Britain & France declare war. France taken by Nazis. German agression

11. GENERALIZATION / PRINCIPLE Axis Powers Germany Italy Japan

12. CONCEPT PATTERN ALLIES United States Soviet Union Great Britain Franklin Roosevelt Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Atomic Bomb D-Day D-Day

13. Other Nonlinguistic Representations Physical ModelsPhysical Models Mental PicturesMental Pictures Pictures and PictographsPictures and Pictographs Kinesthetic ActivityKinesthetic Activity

14. Physical Models Concrete representations of the knowledge that is being learned

15. Mental Pictures Have students close their eyes and imagine!Have students close their eyes and imagine! Provide descriptions which incorporate all the senses!Provide descriptions which incorporate all the senses! Relate descriptions to what students already know!Relate descriptions to what students already know! The most direct way to generate nonlinguistic representations.

16. Pictures and Pictographs Show students pictures of what, where or who you are talking about.Show students pictures of what, where or who you are talking about. A powerful way to generate nonlinguistic representations in the mind!

17. Kinesthetic Activity Physical movement associated with specific knowledge generates a mental image of the knowledge in the mind of the learner.Physical movement associated with specific knowledge generates a mental image of the knowledge in the mind of the learner. Most children find this both a natural and enjoyable way to express their knowledge.Most children find this both a natural and enjoyable way to express their knowledge. Don’t be afraid to let your students out of their seats.Don’t be afraid to let your students out of their seats. Activities that involve physical movement

18. CONCLUSION Creating nonlinguistic representations is probably the most underused instructional strategy of all those reviewed in this book!Creating nonlinguistic representations is probably the most underused instructional strategy of all those reviewed in this book! Helps students understand content in a whole new way.Helps students understand content in a whole new way.