1. SYNONYMS Tr/Eng Words CONCEPTS Words/Idioms/Proverbs

2. DOUBT v [kuşkulu olmak, kuşkulanmak]: I have reason to doubt your excuse for being late. DISBELIEVE [inanmamak, güvenmemek]: I have always disbelieved anything he tells me. DISTRUST [inanmamak, güvenmemek]: I distrust her claim that she won the race. QUERY [araştırmak]: You should qwuery her story about her rich parents. QUESTION [sorgulamak, kuşkulu olmak]: I question the truth of that story. TAKE WITH A GRAIN OF SALT [kuşkuyla karşılamak]: I take the things he says with a grain of salt. TR duraksamak, huylanmak, pirelenmek, şüphelenmek, tereddüt etmek

3. DREAMY adj [dalgın]: He had a dreamy look on his face as he thought about his holidays. ABSENT-MINDED [dalgın]: An absent-minded person puts on different coloured socks. He looked at the picture with an absent- mindned expression on his face. BEMUSED [uyuşuk]: While our teacher read the story my friend had a bemused look on his face. HALF-ASLEEP [yarı uykulu, dalgın]: Because you were half-asleep you missed the joke. INATTENTIVE [dikkatini vermeyen]: You were very inattentive when I gave out the instructions for the exam. PREOCCUPIED [dalıp gitmiş]: I was so preoccupied I didnt hear a word you said. TR dikkatsiz, gafil

4. FREE adj [özgür]: In a democracy, people are free to express their opinions. OPEN [açıksözlü]: He was quite open about trying to take my place in the play. SPONTANEOUS [içten, kendiliğinden]: Her spontaneous smile broke all the ice between us. UNCONVENTIONAL [geleneklere uymayan]: It used to be unconventional for young unmarried couples to go out alone, but this custom has now changed. UNINHIBITED [kurallara uymayan, özgürce yapılan]: Her uninhibited behaviour drew a lot of criticism from her relatives. WILD [çılgın, gürültülü]: The parents had to stop the wild party of the young people because the music was too loud. TR azade, azat, bağımsız, hür, başıboş, serbest FREE v [serbest bırakmak]: I want to free my caged parrot but it may not survive in the wild. DELIVER [kurtarmak]: The rescuers delivered me from certain death as my raft neared the waterfall. EMANCIPATE [özgürlüğüne kavuştUrmak]: The army liberated the enemy-occupied town. RELEASE [serbest bırakmak]: The convicted man was released when new evidence was brought forward. RESCUE [kurtarmak]: We told the police our plan to rescue our kidnapped friend. TR çıkarmak, çözmek, göndermek, koyuvermek, salıvermek, salmak

5. FRIGHTEN v [korkutmak]: The barking dog frightened the baby. ALARM [ürkütmek]: The smell of smoke in the house alarmed me. PETRIFY [ödünü patlatmak]: The snarling dog petrified me. SCARE [ödünü koparmak]: The loud clap of thunder scared us all. TERRIFY [korkutmak]: The sound of someone trying to open the back door terrified me. TERRORISE [korkurtmak, yıldırmak]: The burglars terrorised the old lady so much that she gave them all her money. TR titretmek, sindirmek, ürkütmek, yıldırmak

6. HIDE v [gizlemek]: He knew he had to hide the disaster from his wife. CAMOUFLAGE [gizlemek]: He had left his radio on to camouflage his absence from the room. CONCEAL [saklamak]: She concealed the present at the top of the cupboard. COVER [kapamak, gizlemek]: She covered her face with her hands so we couldn’t see her tears. DISGUISE [kimliğini saklamak, gizlemek]: I disguised byself by wearing a wig. She tried to disguise her anger by smiling sweetly. MASK [gizlemek]: We laughed and joked our annoyance at her rude comment. TR saklamak, kamufle etmek, örtmek, maskelemek, örtbas etmek

7. INCREASE v [artmak]: The population of Australia increases every year. ACCUMULATE [birikmek, toplanmak]: Don’t let oo much junk accumulate on your desk. EXPAND [genişlemek]: The more he blew into the balloon, the more it expandned. GROW [büyümek, genişlemek]: The town began to grow when gold was discovered nearby. MOUNT [artmak]: Our costs are mounting evrey day. MULTIPY [çoğalmak]: Every time you put some money in the bank, your savings multiply. TR birikmek, bollanmak, çoğalmak, fazlalaşmak, üremek, yoğunlaşmak

8. INTENSE adj [şiddetli]: I couldn’t walk when I sprained my ankle because of the intense pain. PASSIONATE [coşkun, ateşli]: She had a passionate belief in her plan to encourage everybody to turn away from the ordinary cannibalistic diet. PROFOUND [derin anlamı olan]: We thought for a long time about the ministers’ profound words. SEVERE [katı, sert]: A hundred years ago punishments were severer; a man could be imprisoned for stealing bread. VIOLENT [sert, ateşli]: His violent temper scared us. VIVID [canlı, renkli]: She is always telling unbelievable stories based on her vivid imagination. TR güçlü, yoğun

9. KNOW v [bilmek]: People are confident they know a great many things, though they should realize how little they know. COMPREHEND [anlamak]: Explained in this way, the theory will be more difficult to comprehend. DISTINGUISH [düşüncede ayırmak]: Being politically motivated, he couldn’t distinguish terrorism both from vandalism and from crimes of violence. LEARN [öğrenmek]: I want to learn how to use a computer. RECOGNIZE [kabul etmek, benimsemek, tanımak]: Society has begun to recognize that economic progress involves not only changes in machinery but also in man. It has been years, so I don’t think I would be able to recognize him if we met. UNDERSTAND [anlamak]: It is understood from the letter that the European Union wants Turkey to solve the Cyprus problem by peaceful means. TR tanımak, sezmek, anlamak, öğrenmek

10. KNOWLEDGE n [bilgi]: People should have both theoretical and practical knowledge, and this can be acquired with some difficulty. COMPREHENSION [anlama gücü]: The way to solve the problem is really beyond my comprehension. EDUCATION [eğitim, öğretim]: Improvements in health care make investment in education more rewarding by extending life expectancy. ENLIGHTENMENT [bilgi, aydınlanma]: In our age of enlightenment, political mean should be implemented to resolve differences, and not torture, violence and terrorism. The Renaissance and Reform movements led to the Age of Enlightenment. INFORMATION [bilgi]: I need more information to analyze the nature of reactionary ideologies. LEARNING [bilgi, kültür]: Wisdom consists of learning and judgment. SCHOLARSHIP [titiz araştırmacılık]: He is an academic of intelligence and scholarship. TR açıklama, bilim, izahat, kültür

11. MIXTURE n [karışım]: We need a mixture of food in our diet to keep healthy. ASORTMENT [çeşit]: We have a wide assortment of candies you can choose from. HOTCHPOTCH, HODGEPODGE [karmakarışık şey]: Her bookshelves were a hotchpotch of books, magazines and photo albums. The critics says the writer’s last book is a hotchpotch of his previous short stories. JUMBLE [karmakarışık]: Her clothes were in a jumble eon tkhe floor. When the pqolice got in the flat, they found a jumble of clothes and books everywhere. MEDLEY [ayrı şeylerden oluşan topluluk]: The band played a medley of jazzmusic. This singer sings a medley of folk and pop songs. MISCELLANY [karışım, farklı şeylerin birleşimi]: School magazines are a miscellany of stories and poems of interest to children. The last part of the book is a miscellany of useful grammatical information. TR alaşım, bilişim, koalisyon, sentez

12. NARROW adj [dar]: The roads in this city are very narrow, because they were built when cars were not so coımmon in the country. CLOSE [sıkı]: For this costume, a material wit a close texture must be used. CONFINED [dar ve sınırlı mekan, ortam]: The boarding students have to study in a confined area until the new building is built. CRAMPED [dar, sıkışık]: The area where the poor live is very cramped; there are hundreds of tiny houses in a very small area. SMALL [küçük]: The classrooms in this building are too small to hold fifty stureds at a time. TIGHT [sıkı, sıkışık, gergin]: I could not open the old trunk in the basement because the cover was very tight. TR az, kısıtlı, kıt, yetersiz

13. PERMANENT adj [sürekli]: Permanent snow can be seen on the top of the highest mountains. ETERNAL [sonsuz]: We are tired and sick of your eternal complaints. He believes in eternal life (life after death). EVERLASTING [ölümsüz, sonu gelmez]: I have not been able to stop her everlasting complaints about my lack of interest. IMMORTAL [ölümsüz]: The immortal works of Mevlana will be read and loved by every generation to come (if the language difficulty could be won, of course). PERENNIAL [bütün yıl devam eden, uzun süren, sürekli]: Jill is a perennial trouble-maker and is always being punished. PERPETUAL [sürekli, aralıksız]: I don’t think we’ll ever have rain to break this perpetual dought. TR devamlı, durmaksızın, ebedi, kesintisiz

14. PERMIT v [izin vermek]: Dogs are not permitted in the shopping centre. ADMIT [izin vermek]: This lant does not admit of any significant improvemet. ALLOW [izin vermek]: Our boss does not allow us to smoke in the office. LET [izin vermek]: Don’t let children play with matches. TOLERATE [hoşgörmek]: I will not tolerate such rude behaviour. YIELD [izin vermek]: You must yield to traffic from the left. TR bırakmak

15. PREFER v [tercih etmek, yeğlemek]: I prefer caramel topping to chocolate on my ice-cream. ELECT [seçmek]: I elected art as my extra subject at school. Our candidate was unfortunately not elected. FAVOUR [tercih etmek, yeğlemek, tutmak, beğenmek]: Typesetters in the publishing industry favour Macintoshes because they are more user-friendly. OPT FOR [seçmek, yeğlemek]: I opt for the train becaıuse it is safer than other means of transportation. SINGLE OUT [seçmek]: They singled her out for a special award because of the extrnaordinary performance. TR seçmek, gözüne kestirmek, ehven bulmak

16. PURIFY v [temizlemek, arıtmak]: The food will have to be purified of all bacteria before it can be eaten. CLEAN [temizlemek]: A cat cleans itself by licking all its body. CLEANSE [tertemiz yapmak]: The doctor carefully cleansed the wound before sticking it. CLEAR [temizlemek]: Clear all your papers off my desk. PURGE [arıtmak]: Oil can only be sued after it has been refinde. WASH [yıkamak]: He washed his hands with soap and water before he started the operation. TR saflaştırmak, aklamak, arılamak, dezenfekte etmek

17. SEARCH v [araştırmak, aramak]: I searched for a four-leafed clover all summer, but I couldn’t find one. EXAMINE [gözden geçirmek, incelemek]: They examined the window frame for the fingerprints of the thief. HUNT [aramak]: She hunted for her glasses but could not find them. INVESTIGATE [araştırmak]: Many researchers have investigated the causes of cancer. LOOK FOR [aramak]: The detective looked for some clues to solve the mystery. Computer firms are seeking ways to cramming more bits of information onto tiny silicon chips. PROBE [araştırmak, incelemek]: He probed the mud with his finger, looking for the coin he had dropped. The oficial enqiery will probe into corruption within the state-owned company. QUERY [araştırma yapmak]: The detective said he would query for more clues. RANSACK [altını üstüne getirerek bir şey aramak]: When she was unable to find her diamond ring, she ransacked the entire house looking for it. SEEK [aramak]: The young man set out for London to seek his fortune. Those who seek gold have already found it. TR denetlemek, irdelemek, incelemek

18. SECRET adj [gizli]: This is a secret plan to spy on the enemy activities. CLASSIFIED [gizli]: Lock the classified files away where no one else can read them. COVERT [gizli, ima edilen]: He coıuld understand the covert threat in the letter. CONFIDENTIAL [gizli, özel]: Don’t let anyone else read this confidential letter. HUSH-HUSH [gizli]: Their meeting was so hush-hush they won’t even tell us what it was about. PRIVATE [özel]: I won’t let anyone read my private diary. TR kapalı, maskeli, zımni

19. SECRETIVE adj [ketum, sır saklayan]: She is very secretive about what she did in the holidays. CAGEY [kurnaz]: She was very cagey when the detective asked her whether she was there yesterday afternoon. FURTIVE [gizli]: She gave us a quick, furtive look and then disappeared through the hole in the fence. RETICENT [ketum, sinsi, kapalı]: A lot of people dont like her because she is so reticent about her private life. STEALTHY [sinsice, gizlice yapılan]: The police became suspicious although the man tried to be stealthy in his movements. SURREPTITIOUS [gizli]: He didn’t notice the surreptitious glance we gave him as we walked past. UNDERHAND [gizli kapaklı]: They met in the middle of the night to carry out their underhand dealings in stolen goods. TR dilsiz, ağzı pek, suskun

20. SEE v [görmek]: I see the cows coming across the paddock. NOTICE [görmek, ayrımına varmak, dikkatini çekmek]: I haven’t noticed this shape in one corner of the painting. I noticed immediately the excited look in her face. I noticed she was wearing a new dress. OBSERVE [izlemek, görmek]: Douglas observed the hooded men go into the bank and immediately rang up the police. PERCEIVE [sezmek, algılamak]: It is difficult to perceive any difference between the original and copy. It took me some time to perceive what she meant. VIEW [görmek, izlemek]: We went to the Art Gallery to view the collection of Constable paintings. WATCH [izlemek, gözlemek]: Two detectives watched what was going on in front of the bank. WITNESS [tanık olmak]:We witnessed the breaking of the European High Jump record. TR algılamak, sezinlemek, seçmek, müşahede etmek

21. SENSIBLE adj [aklı başında, düşünceli]: The sensible boy made sure the cars had stopped before he stepped onto the crossing. CONSCIOUS [farkında olan]: We are conscious of the dire coınsequences of drug abuse. He is very health conscious, so he is very careful about what he eats. LEVEL-HEADED [sağduyulu]: The level-headed girl quickly got the class out of the room where the fire started. PRUDENT [sağduyulu, aklı başında]: Prudent people always lock up their houses when they go out. RATIONAL [mantıklı düşünen]: Man is a rational animal; other animals have little power of reason. REASONABLE [sağduyulu]: Reasonable people don’t leave their keys in their cars. SAGE [bilge]: The sage old lady advised the young couple to forgive each other after their quarrel. SOBER [ayık, ciddi]: On more sober reflection, I gave up the idea of treasure hunting in the desert. WISE [zeki]: He made a wise decision not to take any notice of all that negative criticism of his work. Wise people are more careful about how they spend their time. TR makul, mantıklı

22. SEVERE adj [sert, hoşgörüsüz, ciddi]: Don’t be too severe on the children. The poor weather conditions led to severe food shortages. ACUTE [şiddetli]: An acute shortage of water made our life exremely difficult. DRASTIC [keskin]: It is high time the government took drastic measures to improve the lives of low-income groups. EXTREME [aşırı, büyük]: She was in extreme pain and cried. HARSH [sert, katı]: The new managemet is for harsh punishment of loafing orkers. RELENTLESS [amansız, acımasız]: The relentless fury of the waves terrified the passengers on board. TR ters, şiddetli, dayanıklı, katı

23. SHAKE v [sallanmak, sallamak]: The branches of the trees shook as the wind blew. QUAKE [sallanmak, sallamak, titremek]: Louise quaked with fear when she saw the robbers come to the bank. ROCK [sallanmak, sallamak]: The boat was rocking on the waves. SHUDDER [ürpermek]: Kate shuddered when she saw theat the cars couldn’t avoid a collision. TREMBLE [titremek]: Trevor’s hands trembled as he tried to take off his snow covrede boots. VIBRATE [titremek]: The hummingbird’s wings vibrated as it drank the fmower’s nectar. TR kımıldamak, titremek

24. SHINE v [parlamak]: The sun shone all day. BEAM [parlamak]: The searchlight beamed over the ocean but found nothing. BLAZE [parlamak, kamaştırmak]: The headlights of the car blazed into my eyes, and I couldn’t see anything. BURN [yanmak]: The lighnts in the house burned all night; they must have had a party. FLARE [birden alevlenmek ya da parlamak]: All was dark, and then suddenly the lights flared. GLOW [parlamak]: This forest is full of insects that glow in the dark. TR alevlenmek, harlamak

25. SHORTEN v [kısaltmak]: Can’t you shorten the long discussion at the beginning of your thesis. ABBREVIATE [kısaltmak]: We abbreviated several words to save space. His name is often abbreviated to Hüso. ABRIDGE [kısaltmak]: Sometimes a writer abridges a famous novel to make it easier for children to read. CONDENSE [kısaltmak]: The editor condensed his history into one page, which did not please the writer. CURTAIL [azaltmak]: The government must curtail its expenses because it can no longer impose nex taxes. SUM UP [özetlemek]: I will sum up all that has been said so that everyone understands our plan. SUMMARIZE [özetlemek]: The director summarized the school rules for the new pupils. TR özetlemek, kısa yapmak

26. SILLY adj [aptal]: He gave a silly answer to the questions of the journalists. ABSURD [saçma]: It is absurd to eat all the junk food. FATUOUS [ahmakça]: He made a fatuous remark about inflation. FOOLISH [aptalca]: That joke of yours was a silly thing to do. IDIOTIC [aptalca]: I won’t listen to any more of your idiotic ideas. INANE [boş, anlamsız]: I’m sick of your inane chatter. PREPOSTEROUS [saçma]: The excuse he gave for his lateness was so preposterous that everyone laughed. SENSELESS [aptalca, mantıksız]: The plan she suggested was senseless. TR salak, aptal, akılsız, alık

27. SIMPLIFY v [basitleştirmek]: I will simplify the instructions for this test. DISENTANGLE [çözmek]: I think I’ve disentangled the mystery by talking to each person involved. SORT OUT []: We’ll soon sort out your problems. STREAMLINE [tasarlamak]: We will get the work done more quickly if we streamline the way we do it. UNRAVEL [çözmek]: I eventually unravelled his explanation and understood what he was saying. TR kolaylaştırmak, sadeleştirmek

28. SKILLFUL adj [becerikli]: She is a skillful pianist. ADEPT [usta, becerikli]: She is adept at growing roses. ADROIT [usta, becerikli]: The boycott against the next regulations at school was avoided due to Mr. Cliff’s adroit handling of the situation. APT [usta]: He is an apt speaker. CAPABLE [becerikli]: My friend is a very capable doctor. DEFT [ustaca yapılan, becerikli]: The deft performance of showgirls charmed the audience. DEXTEROUS [eliçabuk]: The magician was very dexterous. EFFICIENT [usta, çalışkan]: She is an efficient worker. PROFICIENT [usta]: She is proficient in using all the software that we have. TR kabiliyetli, işgüzar, açıkgöz