1. 2.3 LIPIDS

4. Lipids C-H atoms linked by non- polar covalent bonds H:O ratio is greater than 2:1

5. Count H:O CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 C=CCH 2 C=C(CH 2 ) 7 COOH H = 28 O = 2

6. FATS Composition: Large lipid molecule made of fatty acids and glycerol Hydrophobic – “water avoiding” Purpose: energy storage

9. Fats Fatty acid(s) attached to glycerol Triglycerides are most common Triglyceride Dehydration Sythesis Animation (HOW MANY WATERS FORMED?)Triglyceride Dehydration Sythesis Animation

17. Saturated Fats Unsaturated Fats

18. “Trans” Fats have been hydrogenated Made when manufacturers add hydrogen to vegetable oil--a process called hydrogenation. Hydrogenation increases the shelf life and flavor stability of foods containing these fats.

19. H on other side Trans Fatty Acid H | -C=C- | H Saturated Fatty Acid H H | | -C - C- | | H H Unsaturated Fatty Acid H H l l -C = C-

20. Trans Fat can be found in vegetable shortenings some margarines Crackers Cookies snack foods foods made with or fried in partially hydrogenated oils.

21. AVOID Trans fats should be avoided as much as possible in our diet. When trans fats are exposed to heat and oxygen during the frying process, the results are the worse possible combination of unhealthy fatty acids. (Worse than fats like butter or lard.)

28. Phospholipids STRUCTURE: Also contain phosphate and have 2 fatty acids instead of 3 PURPOSE: Cell membranes (protect and regulate cell functions)

29. Phospholipids Main components of cell membranes Phospholipid placed in water forms a micelle (water heads toward water and oil ends inward)

31. Micelle Has hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends

34. WAXES

36. LIPIDS PURPOSE: Cell membranes and steroids (example: male and female hormones) Progesterone- starts menstrual cycle Testosterone- secondary male sex characteristics

45. Anabolic Steroids Purpose as a prescription drug: Treat general anemia and diseases that destroy body muscle EX: treatment of weight loss in HIV- infected individuals. EX: treat delayed puberty EX: Their primary use is to promote weight gain and muscle development in farm animals.

48. Barry Bonds Made With THG - Animation Made With THG - Animation (TetraHydroGestrinone) is the steroid at the heart of the BALCO scandal in Major League Baseball. Barry Bonds, Jason Giambi, and Gary Sheffield.

49. Barry Bonds When Bonds entered the league in 1986, he was a wiry phenom listed at 6- foot-1, 185 pounds. In the 2001 season, he was 6-2 and pushing 230 -- a linebacker in a baseball uniform.

51. Against the Law The Anabolic Steroids Control Act of 1990 placed anabolic steroids into Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act.