1. Fig. 2c A case of infantile onychomycosis cured by 5% amorolfine nail lacquer Chen Shuang 1, RAN Yuping 1*, Dai Yalin 2, Jebina Lama 1, Hu Wenying 1 1. Department of Dermatovenereology, 2. Department of Medical Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University *Corresponding author: ranyuping@vip.sina.com. Onychomycosis in infants is rare. Since none of the oral and topical antifungal agents are approved for the treatment of onychomycosis in infants, there are no monitoring guidelines for this age group. Here we report a case of infantile onychomycosis cured by 5% amorolfine nail lacquer without side effects. A 16-month-old boy in good health presented asymptomatic alterations in the toenails on he left foot, of approximately half year’s evolution. His mother had been diagnosised of onychomycosis 3 years ago without treatment. On examination, there were white patches on the surface of the third toenail to the fifth toenail, without any other alterations (Fig. 1a). Direct microscopic examination (with KOH) of superficial nail scrapings showed numerous spores (Fig. 2a). Fungal culture of nail scrapings revealed white filamentous colonies (Fig. 2b) which were identified as Trichophyton rubrum by little slide culture (Fig. 2c) and ITS1/4-PCR, sequence based molecular validation. A diagnosis of superficial white onychomycosis (SWO) by T. rubrum was made. The patient was treated with topical application of 5% amorolfine nail lacquer once a week in the first 12 weeks and once every two weeks in the following 12 weeks (Fig. 3). His lesions was completely cured after the end of treatment (Fig. 1b). There was no recurrence with half year follow-up. Onychomycosis is a relatively common disease accounting for up to 50% of all nail disorders [1]. The prevalence of onychomycosis rises with age. To our knowledge, infantile onychomycosis is rarely previously reported. Diabetes, psoriasis and other diseases may also increase the risk of infection [2-3]. In those health individuals who are affected, a family history of onychomycosis is not uncommon as our patient, giving importance to the examination of the whole family for fungal nail infections. It is well known how difficult it is to treat toe nail mycoses, especially when it happen to infants. The physician needs to evaluate the benefits and risks more carefully [4]. In our case, we report a case of infantile SWO associated with family history was successfully cured by 5% amorolfine nail lacquer in half year, which provides a therapeutic alternative to infantile onychomycosis, especially to this type. 1.Andre J, Achten G. Onychomycosis. Int J Dermatol. 1987;26:481–90. 2.Gupta AK, Chang P, Del Rosso JQ, et al. Onychomycosis in children: prevalence and management. Pediatr Dermatol. 1998;15:464-71. 3.Peña-Penabad C, García-Silva J, Almagro M, et al. Superficial white onychomycosis in a 3-year-old human immunodeficiency virus- infected child. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2001;15(1):51-3. 4.Baran R, Kaoukhov A. Topical antifungal drugs for the treatment of onychomycosis: an overview of current strategies for monotherapy and combination therapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2005;19(1):21-9. IntroductionDiscussion Diagnosis and treatment Case References Fig. 1a Fig. 2a KOH ×400Fig. 2b Fig. 1b Fig. 3 The time cross of 5% amorolfine nail lacquer administration (18 applications in total) No. of treatment Week