1. Chapter #31 ECOSYSTEMSECOSYSTEMS

2. Chapter 31.1 Notes Ecosystem is a community interacting with the environment. Includes all the living and nonliving factors. Biotic living factors plants, animals, fungi… Abiotic nonliving factors soil, sunlight, air, water…. Soil form from broken down rocks.

3. Ecology is the study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment. Nitrogen is important because living things use it to make protein.

4. Cycles is the reusing of a natural resource. 1.Water cycle 2.Nitrogen cycle (plants get N mainly from the soil) 3.Oxygen-Carbon dioxide cycle

5. Chapter 31.2 Notes Succession is the changes that take place in a community as it gets older. Climax community is the last or final stage of succession.

6. Forest community succession… Bare soil, field of weeds, field of small plants, Forest

7. Lake, pond, marsh, dry land.

8. Chapter 31.3 Notes Light and temperature are 2 nonliving (abiotic) factors that are not cycled. Precipitation is water in the air that falls to the earth as rain or snow. Climate is the average of light, temperature and precipitation over many of years.

9. Biome a land area with a distinct climate and with specific type of plants an animals. 1.Tropical rain forest- a lot of rain (200cm/year) about 6 feet. 2.Grassland- gophers are common 3.Desert -little precipitation and lizards 4.Temperate Forest- biggest temperature range 5.Taiga- moose are common 6.Tundra- polar bears…10-15cm of precipitation/year.

10. Rainforest Temperate Forest Tundra Taiga Desert Grasslands

11. Water Ecosystem 1.Salt water 2.Fresh water

12. Work Cited “Forest Succession”. May 23, 2007. http://www.mainetreefoundation.org/forestfacts/i mages/successweb2.gif http://www.mainetreefoundation.org/forestfacts/i mages/successweb2.gif “Lake Succession”. May 23, 2007. http://www.geography.hunter.cuny.edu/~tbw/wc. notes/15.climates.veg/veg.images/lake.bog.mea dow.succession.jpg http://www.geography.hunter.cuny.edu/~tbw/wc. notes/15.climates.veg/veg.images/lake.bog.mea dow.succession.jpg “Biomes”. May 23, 2007. http://www.lubbockisd.org/cavazos/Duncan's%2 0Webpage/Images/Biomes.jpg http://www.lubbockisd.org/cavazos/Duncan's%2 0Webpage/Images/Biomes.jpg “Water Cycle”. May 23, 2007. http://www.sawater.com.au/NR/rdonlyres/657AC 917-D6E3-4E55-AAD1- 38119A0ACBB4/0/diag_water_cycle.gif http://www.sawater.com.au/NR/rdonlyres/657AC 917-D6E3-4E55-AAD1- 38119A0ACBB4/0/diag_water_cycle.gif

13. “tropical Rain Forest”. May 24, 2007. http://www.saburchill.com/images04/0035.jpg http://www.saburchill.com/images04/0035.jpg “Grassland”. May 24, 2007. http://www.botany.unimelb.edu.au/envisci/ryan/grassland/Grassland.jpg http://www.botany.unimelb.edu.au/envisci/ryan/grassland/Grassland.jpg “Desert”. May 24, 2007. http://www.desertvoice.org/Desert/Image/Desert10.jpg http://www.desertvoice.org/Desert/Image/Desert10.jpg “Temperate Forest”. May 24, 2007. http://www.physorg.com/newman/gfx/news/forests_0512_02.jpg http://www.physorg.com/newman/gfx/news/forests_0512_02.jpg “Taiga”. May 24, 2007. http://www.royalsaskmuseum.ca/research/images/taiga-exhibit.jpg http://www.royalsaskmuseum.ca/research/images/taiga-exhibit.jpg “Tundra”. May 24, 2007. http://www.hickerphoto.com/data/media/166/tundra-animals_523.jpg http://www.hickerphoto.com/data/media/166/tundra-animals_523.jpg “Swamp”. May 24, 2007. http://www.water-research.net/images/algae.jpg “Steam”. May 24, 2007. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research- curation/biodiversity-museum/biodiversity-projects/ecosystems/inland- water/images/rc-biodiversity-rivers-lake_4452_1.jpghttp://www.nhm.ac.uk/research- curation/biodiversity-museum/biodiversity-projects/ecosystems/inland- water/images/rc-biodiversity-rivers-lake_4452_1.jpg “Clown Fish”. May 24, 2007. http://www.3d-screensaver- downloads.com/images/free-fish-screensaver/big3.jpghttp://www.3d-screensaver- downloads.com/images/free-fish-screensaver/big3.jpg “Underwater”. May 24, 2007. http://www.mikesparr.com/wp-content/thumb- IMG_0320.JPGhttp://www.mikesparr.com/wp-content/thumb- IMG_0320.JPG “Open water Ocean”. May 24, 2007. http://www.nhptv.org/natureworks/graphics /ocean.jpg http://www.nhptv.org/natureworks/graphics /ocean.jpg