5. Violence and bloodshed

6. for many people Islam is now synonymous with violence and fanaticism

8. Salm Salm ‘ peace ’ Experiencing safety and security ( salāmah ) at the individual moral level - which then manifests at the communal level of society and polity.  salm is opposite of ḥ arb ‘ war ’

9. This name al-Isl ā m points to the real purpose and source of true security: to draw closer to the ultimate origin of Peace: All ā h.

10. Security : Safety from harm, Peace sal ā mah or sal ā m is closely aligned in meaning to am ā n ‘ surety ’ as well as ṣ ul ḥ ‘ conciliation - peace ’

11. Reconciliation & Peace - Making or simply ṣ ul ḥ reconciliationpeace- making integrity, S{ulh } = reconciliation, peace- making, making amends, reforming … & moral integrity, virtuous integrity. i ṣ lā ḥ baynahum – ‘promoting wellbeing’, ‘setting aright ’ or simply : Peace - Making

12. mu ṣ li ḥ is the opposite of the mufsid and the musrif ‘ profligate ’ or ‘ maker of corruption ’ Ṣ ul ḥ is the opposite of fasād ‘corruption’, ‘depravity’, ‘stirring up dissension ’ – in a word: insecurity : Q “ Create not disorder-insecurity in the land!” / lā tafsidū fī l-ar ḍ ’

13. musrif and isrāf – wasteful extravagance, sinful excess i ṣ lā ḥ – wholesome order, self- reformation and righteous conduct : “Create not disorder in the land after it was set in order / wa lā tufsidū fī l-ar ḍ i ba‘da i ṣ lā ḥ ihā ” (al-A‘rāf 7:56) this may also be translated: “Create not insecurity in the land after it was made secure.”

14. – Q al - Shu‘arā’ 26: 151–152 And obey not the bidding of those who exceed the bounds /al-mu ṣ rifīn, who create insecurity in the land and who do not promote order and security / alladhīna yufsidūna fī l-ar ḍ i wa lā yu ṣ li ḥ ūna.

15. fasād includes bloodshed and violence as the most grievous form of corruption The Angels complained to God about Adam : “ Wilt Thou place (on the Earth) such as will cause corruption in it, and shed blood / a-taj‘alu fī-hā man yufsidu fī-hā wa yasfiku l-dimā’a ?!” (2: 30).

16. fas ā d ‘corruption’ : economic injustice, squandering material goods & abuse of authority Qur’an contrasts the righteous mu ṣ li ḥ ūn who “ forbid corruption in the earth ” against those wrongdoers who “ pursue the enjoyment of the good things which they were given in plenty and became violaters-criminals / mujrim ī na ” ( Ḥ ūd 11:116–117).

17. exceed the bounds “ And obey not the bidding of those who exceed the bounds / al-mu ṣ rifīn, create insecurity order and security yufsidūna fī l-ar ḍ i wa lā yu ṣ li ḥ ūna who create insecurity in the land and who do not promote order and security / alladhīna yufsidūna fī l-ar ḍ i wa lā yu ṣ li ḥ ūna.” – Q al-Shu‘arā’ 26: 151–152

19. innocent children slain for no reason or purpose

24. a ṣ la ḥ a baynahum ‘ make peace between them! ’ Peace - Making, ṣ ul ḥ means putting an end to enmity, hatred and division between two parties. It involves implementing equity and justice. making peace “… doing good and acting righteously and making peace between people / tabarrū wa tattaqū wa tu ṣ li ḥ ū bayna l-nās ” (2: 224 )

25. Ṣ ul ḥ reconciliation or Peace Making is the essence of mediation, arbitration and conciliation. - equitable resolution of strife and conflict as an ethical goal. alternative dispute resolution. - alternative dispute resolution. - shari‘ah principles of necessity ( ḍ arūrah) and of public interest (ma ṣ la ḥ ah) - role of mu ṣ li ḥ ūn in courts

26. ´amn un, ´ ā min & ´am ā nah Security “ There is no faith for one who is untrustworthy / lā īmāna li-man lā amānata la-hu.” : Prophet amn denotes both ‘security’ and ‘peace’ “It is those who have faith and confuse not their faith with injustice, that are truly in security / la-hum al-amnu, for they are rightly guided / muhtadūna.” (al-An‘ām 6: 81–82 )

27. equitable sharingSocial Ethic - equitable sharing and Commitment to Equity and Fairness

28. Re - Think

30. unstable transition Islamic Alternatives unstable transition to a multi-civilizational world : Islamic Alternatives ?