1. Concepts in Multicultural Education-- Socialization And Related Concepts: Attitudes, Beliefs, Values

2. Attitudes, Beliefs, Values A person’s beliefs, attitudes and values may be viewed together as an integrated system and together they result in shaping a person’s behavior with respect to the other

3. Attitude relatively stable organization of interrelated beliefs that describe, evaluate, and advocate action with respect to a person, object or situation An attitude has three components: idea or thought, feeling or emotion readiness to respond or predisposition to action

4. Value beliefs about how one ought or ought not to behave, or about some end state of existence worth or not worth attaining Values are abstract ideals, positive or negative, that represent a person’s beliefs about ideal modes of conduct and ideal terminal goals Belief opinion, expectation, or judgment that a person accepts as true

5. Value beliefs about how one ought or ought not to behave, or about some end state of existence worth or not worth attaining Values are abstract ideals, positive or negative, that represent a person’s beliefs about ideal modes of conduct and ideal terminal goals Belief opinion, expectation, or judgment that a person accepts as true

6. Religion system of social coherence based on a common group of beliefs or attitudes concerning an object, person, unseen being, or system of thought considered to be supernatural, sacred, divine or highest truth, and the moral codes, practices, values, institutions, and rituals associated with such belief or system of thought. It is sometimes used interchangeably with "faith" or "belief system", but is more socially defined than that of personal convictionsbeliefssupernaturalsacreddivine highest truthmoral codesfaithbelief system

7. Jews Americans The Jews are unified by religion and tradition rather than by national origins. Jews are descendants of the Hebrews.

8. First wave: Sephardic Jews Constitute the first Jews, from Spain and Portugal in the 1700s, Sephardic Jews in Spain enjoyed more freedom and attained greater positions of wealth and power than Jews anywhere else, but their situation changed after the establishment of the Spanish inquisition, Sephardic Jews tended to emphasize business over scholarship.

9. Second wave: The second wave: German Jews, Came soon after arrival of Sephadic Jews, Jewish population grew from approximately 3,000 at the time of the American Revolution (1848) to about half a million by 1880, German Jews spread out among the nation, professionals and small tradesmen scattered among non-Jewish

10. Third wave: from Eastern Europe, Russian Jews mostly approximately 2 million came, spoke Yiddish, were poorer, less educated and lived a life full of traditions and practices long abandoned by the more modern Jews, looked different, wearing skull caps, beards, old- fashioned Russian style clothing, and scarves about the women’s heads, tended to segregate and lived heavily concentrated

11. Judaism Judaism is one of the oldest religions and was the first to teach the existence of one God, giving birth to both Christianity and Islam Religion remains a major source of identity for Jews as a distinct ethnic group. The major Judaic religious movements are Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform.

12. Orthodox Practiced mainly by immigrant descendants of Eastern European, The Sabbath is kept from sundown on Friday until sundown on Saturday, Religious services are in Hebrew and daily prayers are said in the morning, late afternoon, and after sunset, Dietary rules are strictly observed: neither pork nor shellfish is eaten, and milk and meat are not consumed at the same meal. Only kosher food that prepared in accordance with Jewish law may be eaten.

13. Conservative Judaism originated to counterattack the growing strength of Reform Judaism. it remains faithful to the core of Jewish law and ancestral traditions, Religious services contain much more English than do traditional Orthodox services, men and women worship together and organ music may be part of the service, Observance of Jewish dietary laws in all public functions of the synagogue, which may or may not keep a kosher kitchen at home.

14. Reform Judaism more liberal and mostly practiced by those descendants of German Jews, are least likely to keep kosher, are more likely to attend a synagogue or “temple” only on high holidays (Rosh Hashana and Yom Kipur), are more likely to marry non-Jews than are Orthodox or Conservative Jews, have assimilated more to the mainstream culture

15. The secular Jews maintain their Jews identity even though they do not accept any form of Judaism. This becomes a more complex issue because for many Jews, Judaism is the essence or being Jewish.