1. Tourist texts Multilingual and monolingual magazines Periodicals Leaflets Visitor guides in booklet and brochure format Posters advertising artistic performances Panels placed near monuments Etc.

2. Language domains: Architecture History of art History Geography Gastronomy Economy Sports Customs and traditions Music and dance Shops, etc.

3. Functions of tourist texts: InformativeOperative Expressive

4. Differences between Italian tourist language - more formal - vivid, florid descriptions - evocative, figurative language English tourist language - tends to engage the reader directly - imperatives are often used

5. Examples Italian tourist language - Pensate alle Terre di Siena e dimenticatevi tutto il resto - Terra di conquista, terra che conquista, da sempre nel Mediterraneo angiporto, landa ospitale e preludio d'Oriente, il Salento è sempre più metafora di una felice adesione della storia e della natura - Mai come in Sicilia tanta gente si è fermata, si è incrociata, si è amata, combattuta o a malapena tollerata. Occhi così chiari da sembrare trasparenti che fanno capolino sotto chiome corvine, parole d'origine araba che si intrecciano a termini francesi...

6. Examples English tourist language - Visit the Roman City at Wroxeter See the remarkable Iron Bridge itself and explore seven museums Enjoy the unique experience of Granada Studios Tour. Stroll by the restored canals and work up an appetite for the world's most famous fish and chips at Harry Ramsdens

7. When translating tourist texts the convention is to adhere to the target language style PERSONAL Visit a truly unique Scottish destination Share with us the legacy of ancient peoples Absorb Scotland's dramatic and breath-taking scenery... IMPERSONAL La Scozia è una meta veramente unica Qui è possibile condividere l'eredità di popoli antichi Scenari maestosi e mozzafiato si possono ammirare nella splendida Scozia...

8. When translating tourist texts the convention is to adhere to the target language style Westminster Bridge The Tower of London St. Paul's Cathedral National Museum of Scotland St. Alfege's Church Glamis Castle Durham Heritage Coast Il ponte di Westminster La torre di Londra La cattedrale di St Paul Museo Nazionale Scozzese La Chiesa di St. Alfege Il castello di Glamis MONUMENTS, MUSEUMS, PLACES OF WORSHIP AND HISTORICAL INTEREST

9. When translating tourist texts the convention is to adhere to the target language style Old Royal Observatory Royal Naval College Mayflower Royal Festival Hall Hayward Gallery Overgate Shopping Centre Old Royal Observatory Royal Naval College Il/La Mayflower Royal Festival Hall La Hayward Gallery L'Overgate Shopping Centre ASSOCIATIONS, CLUBS, SHIPS, COLLEGES, THEATRES, GALLERIES, MARKETS, SHOPPING CENTRES

10. A textual feature common to both English and Italian descriptions is THEMATISATION of place and time adverbials Examples: At its heart, ancient Bridgnorth has one of the finest settings in the country... To the west, the remote Clee Hills... In the space of a few miles you can find not only the World Heritage, but also... West lies Coverdale, green and silent... All around this area are delightful, unspoilt villages, remote churches and country pubs

11. A textual feature common to both English and Italian descriptions is THEMATISATION of place and time adverbials Examples: In the early 11 th century, a Danish king, Canute, consolidated England into a relatively peaceful unity. On his death, the crown reverted to the old royal line, and to a king, Edward the Confessor, who was not the strong man needed... On his death, England fell apart and the invader William, Duke of Normandy, took over... On Christmas day, 1066, William was crowned in Westminster Abbey

12. A textual feature common to both English and Italian descriptions is THEMATISATION of place and time adverbials In English they constitute instances of “fronted themes” and fulfill 2 functions:  They act as points of orientation by connecting back to previous stretches of text  They act as points of departure by connecting forward and contributing to the development of later stretches > This thematic structure is MARKED in English, but can be reproduced naturally in Italian

13. Examples of fronted place and time adverbials in Italian: - Sulla sponda sud-occidentale, presso la stazione ferroviaria di Castel Gandolfo, si apre un ninfeo scavato nella roccia detto... - A pochi chilometri da Giovinazzo, procedendo verso Nord, si giunge a Molfetta - Durante il conflitto tra Firenze e Siena, la città condivise le sorti di quest'ultima... - Nel 1777 il Granduca Pietro Leopoldo indicò in Sarteano la sede di un unico palazzo del gonfalone...

14. GREENWICH Take a boat trip on the River Thames between Greewich, The Thames Barrier and back to Greenwich with Thames River Services. Book a tour and pass by some of London's most historic buildings and sites. Your river cruise on London's oldest thoroughfare from Greenwich to The Thames Barrier and back is an opportunity to take a truly different view of London, passing some its best of historical landmarks. The ancient town of Greenwich has been a gateway to London for over a thousand years. Invaders from the continent passed either by ship or the Old Dover Road, built by the Romans, on their way to the capital. In 1012, the Danes moored their longships at Greenwich and raided Canterbury, returning with Archbishop Alfege as hostage and later murdering him on the spot where the church named after him now stands. Early in the 15th century, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester built a manor house overlooking the river. Later the wife of Henry VI decided to enlarge it as a royal residence. Greenwich was further developed by succeeding Tudor monarchs being almost completely rebuilt by Henry VII. The palace was a favourite of Henry VIII, who was born there as were his daughters Mary and Elizabeth. James I gave the estate to his consort, Anne of Denmark who commissioned the court architect, Inigo Jones to build a house in the park, work commenced on the Queens House in 1616. Following the Civil War the original Tudor Palace was so dilapidated that Charles II had it demolished. On its site he started building a new palace, but the money ran out in 1669. In 1694 Mary II rededicated the unfinished buildings as the Royal Naval Hospital for Seamen and they were completed to plans brilliantly conceived by Christopher Wren to suit the new use. The Royal Naval College took over the buildings in 1873.

15. Source: S.Laviosa, V.Cleverton, Learning by Translation, 2003, Ch.3