1. The Intel Microprocessors. --from 8086 to Pentium
The Intel Microprocessors --from 8086 to Pentium Architecture, Programming and Interfacing

2. Content
Arrangement
Reference book
Final score

3. 1. Architecture
2. Programming
3. Interfacing

4. Memory
CPU
1. Architecture
Printer
I/O
3. Interfacing
2. Programming

5. 1. Architecture
The architecture of CPU
Addressing modes

6. Internal Microprocessor Architecture
EAX
AH (AX) AL
BH (BX) BL
CH (CX) CL
DH (DX) DL SP BP DI SI
Accumulator
EBX
Base index DR
ECX
Count
EDX
Data
ESP
Stack pointer PR
EBP
Base pointer
EDI
Destination
index IR
ESI
Source index

7. Internal Microprocessor ArchitectureIP
FLAGS
Instruction pointer
EIP
Flags
EFLAGS
Special purpose registers CS DS ES SS FS GS
Code
Data
Extra
Stack
Segment registers

8. 1. Architecture
2. Programming
3. Interfacing

9. 2. Programming 2.1 Data movement instructions
2.2 Arithmetic and logic instructions
2.3 Program control instructions

10. program .DATA NUM DB 34H TABLE DW 0012H,0033H,5687H .CODE .STARTUP
MOV BX,OFFSET TABLE
MOV AX,[BX+4]
MOV CX,88H
MUL CX
CMP AX,2000H
JAE NEXT
OUT AX,P8
.EXIT
END

11. Application languages /application program
High-level languages
/compiler &interpretative program
Assembly language/ assembly program
Keyboard command and system primitive
/ operating system
Machine instruction system/ CPU

12. 1. Architecture
2. Programming
3. Interfacing

13. 3. Interfacing 1 8088/8086 hardware specifications 2 Memory interface
3 Basic I/O interface
4 Interrupts
5 Direct memory access and DMA-controlled I/O

14. 8088 hardware specifications

15. Memory interface

16. Content
Arrangement
Reference book
Final score

17. request Familiar with Addressing mode
programming with assembly language
interfacing of microprocessor

18. What we can do after learning this
Programming in assembly language in certain real-time system ,memory limited system or embedded system
Design interfacing and writing drivers

19. Content
Arrangement
Reference book
Final score

20. Reference Books 微型计算机原理及应用 周明德 编著 清华大学出版社 IBM-PC汇编语言程序设计 沈美明主编，清华大学出版社
汇编语言与微机原理教程
顾元刚主编，电子工业出版社
The 80x86 IBM PC and Compatible Computers (Volumes I & II): Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing (4th Edition)
 清华大学出版社

21. Reference Lessons
Operating system 操作系统
Computer architecture 计算机体系结构

22. Content
Arrangement
Reference book
Final score

23. Homework & Attendance:10%
Final Exam: 70%
Middle Exam:20%
Homework & Attendance:10%
This may be revised according to the needs.

24. Now let’s begin our exploration in microprocessor.

25. Chapter 1 Introduction to The Microprocessor and PC

26. Chapter 1:
What mankind has done before the microprocessor finally came out?
2. How many parts are there in the microprocessor ?

27. Chapter 1: Introduction to The Microprocessor and PC
1.1 A Historical Background
1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor

28. 1.1 A Historical Background

29. 1.1 A Historical Background
A. The Mechanical Age
Abacus (Babylonians)
Analytical engine (Babbage, punched cards, 1823,failure)

30. 1.1 A Historical Background
B. The Electrical Age
Motor-driven adding machines, based on mechanical calculator (Hollerith, set up IBM-International Business Machines Corporation)
First electronic calculating machine Z3 (German, Konrad Zuse,1942)
The first general-purpose, programmable electronic computer ENIAC (University of Pennsylvania, 1946)

31. ENIAC
Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator [Computer] 电子数字积分计算机

32. ENIAC

33. ENIAC

34. ENIAC

35. 1.1 A Historical Background
C. The Microprocessor Age (Intel)
Date
Part
Data Bus Width
Memory Size
4004 4
1979
8088 8 1M
1989
80486sx 32
4G+16kcache
1993
Petium 64
1997
Petium II
64G+32kl1 cache+512kl2cache

36. Intel 4004

37. Intel 8088

38. Intel Petium

39. Intel Petium II

40. The Moore’s Law: the number of transistors integrated in a chip will double very 18 or 24 mouths

41. 1.1 A Historical Background
D. The Future of Microprocessors
The process speed will get more faster
The memory will get more large
The bulk will get more smaller
The width of data bus will increase
Architecture will get more efficient

42. 1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor

43. 1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor
Question: If we use a computer to figure out an arithmetic expression, how can it finish this work?
133*33+44*14

44. 1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor
133*33+44*14
First input these numbers.
Do the calculating work.
Store The result
Output the result.
Control this processing.

45. 1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor
133*33+44*14
calculator
Input
device
Output
device
memory
data bus
Control bus
controller

46. 1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor
Address
bus
Micro-
processor
Memory
Data bus
Interface
Control
bus
External
devices
BUS definition p25

47. 1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor
Bus: P25
Address bus requests a memory location from the memory or an I/O location from the I/O devices.
Data bus transfers information between the microprocessor and its memory and I/O address space.
Control bus contains lines that select the memory or I/O and cause them to perform a read or write operation.

48. 1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor

49. 1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor

50. 1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor
A. Relationship Figure
microprocessor ALU
controller
PC register
internal memory
I/O interface
PC system I/O Devices & external memory
system software
application software
power、panel、pc frame, etc