1. EWB – Utah State University County: Uganda Community: Masaka District Project: Byana Mary Hill Orphanage Travel Dates: June 1-28, 2010 In-Country Partners: Ssejinja Children’s Foundation

2. Implementation Objectives Solar powered nodes to provide wireless internet Network established in 2009 is down due to dependency on grid power, and poor broadcasting location Node autonomy and design modularity create robust system A Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) The current latrine is filled to capacity and does not follow the code put out by the Ugandan Ministry of Education Assess a Fish Pond This will be a separate report (521)

3. Byana Mary Hill Orphanage The orphanage houses approximately 450 people including children and staff EWB-USU has been working with the Byana Mary Hill Orphanage since an assessment trip in December 2005 The Byana Mary Hill Orphanage is located 100 miles south from the capital, Kampala

5. Site Map

6. Travel Team Name Student or Professional Role Danny RyanStudentTeam Leader Betsy RyanProfessionalEducation Lead Ariel NunezStudentLatrine Project Lead Spencer JacksonStudentWireless Project Lead Rachel JacksonStudentHealth and Safety Officer David WillisStudentWireless Project Team Randy MartinProfessionalFaculty Advisor/Fish Pond Assessment

7. Latrine Project Tasks TaskTeam MemberDates Volunteers Needed Contracted Widening pitMay 25-3110 Lining pitAriel, BetsyJune 1-6Local company Lay foundationAriel, RandyJune 6-10Local company Place slabs Ariel, Danny, Randy June 11-185-6Local company Construct superstructure Ariel, DaveJune 18-245-6 Install Doors/ Roofs/Urinals Ariel, DannyJune 24-2610-11 Prepare manuals/ instruction Ariel, BetsyJune 27-282-3

8. Wireless Project Tasks TaskTeam MemberDates Volunteers needed Investigate suppliers/ market Spencer, Dave, Danny June 1-52 Gathering of parts Spencer, DaveJune 5-102-3 Deploying nodesSpencer, DaveJune 11-145 Trouble shootingSpencer, DaveJune 15-202 Prepare manuals Spencer, Rachel, Betsy June 21-25 TrainingSpencer, DaveJune 26-302-3

9. Fish Pond Assessment Tasks TaskTeam memberDates Volunteers needed Contracted Investigate suppliers/Market Randy, DannyJune 1-51 Collect Soil Samples Randy, BetsyJune 5-10 Makerere University Additional Water Testing Randy, BetsyJune 5-10 Makerere University Investigate Water rights Randy, DannyJune 18-231

10. Health and Safety /Education Tasks Project TaskTeam MemberDates Volunteers needed Health and Safety InstructionRachel Daily morning meetings Oversee latrineRachel June 3-10 June 15-24 Oversee Node/wireless RachelJune 11-14 Educational classes Nature of germs class BetsyJune 11-192-3 Washing of hands class BetsyJune 11-192-3 Organize hand washing committee BetsyJune 11-195-6

11. Wireless Network Enhancement and Expansion 5 nodes with solar panels to be installed Autonomy of nodes and design modularity create a robust system

12. Connectivity Alternatives Satellite downlink or cell modem at Byana Mary Expensive equipment Monthly fees A buried or raised cable Not viable due to lack of right-of-way across the private property Cable would run over a mile Several nodes to establish a wireless distribution system Creates low maintenance system Connection is donated by local seminary

13. Power Source Alternatives Wind power Requires steady wind, an inverter, and a tower More expensive More maintenance Water power - Insufficient water flow in the area Gasoline generator - not practical or sustainable due to the expense and difficulty of obtaining gasoline Grid power Not at orphanage Unreliable at seminary Solar power Uganda is near the equator and receives consistent sunlight Creates a direct current signal Requires batteries to operate continually through the night

14. Battery Alternatives Lead-acid wet cells (car batteries) Provide high current for a short amount of time Typical lifetime of 3-5 years (much less if discharged below 70%) Gel cells Sealed to keep the electrolyte levels adequate for operation Lifespan of 7-10 years Deep cycle Absorbent glass mat (AGM) Most recently developed of the three Offer the benefits of gel cells but are sturdier at comparable prices Allow 106 Amp-hours which allows 3 days of autonomy

15. Design Criteria DeviceRequirementsModel Selected Solar Panel/Charge Controller 12V 20W HQRP 20 Watt Kit Battery12V 106 Amp-hour MRG-24 Sealed Marine Deep Cycle Battery Enclosure~3ft 3 to fit electronics Weatherproof Adalet N4X-FG- 161407RCHTL Radio Device2.4 GHz WDS mode High Power Weatherproof Antenna selectable Ubiquity Bullet 2hp Antenna2.4GHz Omnidirectional Preferably sealed Pacwireless OD24-9

16. Design Drawings

17. Site Mapping Existing Nodes (red labels) and Proposed Node Placement On Seminary Campus (Blue Labels)

18. Construction Process Power to the Antenna - Power Over Ethernet (POE) All equipment purchased in country (except the Bullets and antennae) Enclosures placement Indoors where possible (in attics or otherwise) Hang from eaves of the buildings with simple undercarriage frame Solar panels mounting - on the roofs using standard mounting brackets

19. Construction Safety Hazards Precautions Electrical Shock Climbing on ladders Climbing on rooftops Basic electrical safety taught to any involved with the project Ladders will be thoroughly inspected before use Any ladder in use will have a person steadying it at the base Hardhats and proper safety equipment

20. Sustainability: Ongoing Operation and Maintenance Manual will include Maintenance Pictures of node construction and parts Part replacement instructions Parts list and local suppliers Connection diagnostics Node locations 7 days for instruction of individuals, increasing sustainability Ssejinja Children’s Foundation will help Byana Mary Hill replace equipment (MOU) Internet provides a way to solicit more donations

21. VIP Latrine Project Current condition The existing latrine serves 450 people (including children and staff) Filled to capacity Does not meet the requirements of the Ugandan Ministry of Education

22. Latrine: Summary of Alternatives Pour-flush Latrines Composting Latrines. VIP Latrine http://www.wateraid.org/uk/what_we_do/sustainable_tech nologies/technology_notes/248.asp http://www.irc.nl/page/22831

23. Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) Latrine Advantages Low cost Easy to build Minimal maintenance and training requirements Suitable for the soil conditions at Byana Mary Hill High social acceptance No material required during use Disadvantages More prone to odors and breeding of insects compared to Pour-Flush and Composting Latrines

24. Calculations Pit lifetime (N) is a function of three variables: N = V/P*R Where: P = Numbers of users (450 people) R = Accumulation rate (0.06 m 3 /person/year) V = Volume (m 3 ) Community has dug a pit 3 m wide x 3 m long x 7.8 m deep It will be expanded to 3 m x 4 m Lifetime of pit is 3 years if not pumped Depends on pumping frequency, amount of waste remaining in pit after pumping, and any change in population

25. Construction Process EWB’s Role Community Role Function as project engineers Provide cement, rebar, aggregate, wood (ordered upon arrival), and tin for roofing Rent truck for transportation of slabs and gravel Provide technical information about the latrine A community member knowledgeable in local building techniques will be hired to supervise Labor force Provide Bricks (ordered before the team arrives) Mix and pour concrete slabs at bottom of pit Provide equipment such as picks, shovels, hammers, buckets, measuring tapes, trowels, and levels Install the urinals and place the mat outside the superstructure to cover the entrance to the latrine

26. Construction Safety Hazards Precautions Falling in pit Pit collapse Superstructure collapse Dust inhalation EWB team members will never be in pit Pit will have a barrier placed around during construction (hazard tape) Use of proper PPE

27. Design Drawings

30. Sustainability EWB’s Role Community’s role Provide a maintenance manual Train staff members on proper maintenance Provide contact info for pumping the latrine Provide schedule for pumping latrine Provide an updated estimate on the lifetime of the latrine Clean floor slabs on a regular basis Small amount of water frequently poured in vent to clear out debris Pump latrine once a year When the waste reaches 0.5 m of pit top, the latrine must be taken out of commission

31. The End Questions? Additional information follows if needed. See appendix A through I

32. Appendix A In Country Contact On-the ground Contact Phone # for the travel team: Ssenjinja’sChildrensFoundation contact in Uganda: Sentamu011-256-7745-0120 Ssejinja’sChildrensFoundation Secretary: Solomy011-256-7748-9221 Nearest US Consulate Contact Info: Embassy of the United States of America U.S. Embassy Plot 1577 GgabaRoad, P.O. Box 7007, Kampala, Uganda Tel:041 25 97 91 /2/3/5 Nearest Hospital Contact Info: Mulago Hospital Complex P.O. Box 7051, Kampala Tel: 041 541250/53360 Kitovu Hospital (Dr. Nsubuga Martin) P.O Box 413, Kitovu Road – approximately 20 minutes from Byana Mary Hill Phone: 0481-20097 Dr. Martin Mobile: 0481-20683 Rubaga Hospital (Dr. Bukenya John Mary) Corner of Kaweesa and Rubaga Road – approximately

33. Appendix B Responsibility Timeline

34. Appendix C Node/wireless appendix In-country purchasing Solar Power Manuals Calculations Construction Process

35. Appendix D In-country purchasing Before construction of the nodes, first priority is to make sure that every component of the system is available for purchase in country. The Bullet is going to be the hardest part to track down. By visiting various parts stores, we are going to locate a way for the orphanage to order a Bullet on their own. Instructions on how to order the bullet will be provided in the manuals. Any parts purchased will be done so by the Ssejinja Children’s Foundation.

36. Appendix E Solar Power Masaka has an annual average daily cloud cover of about 60%. That cloud cover has the disadvantage of limiting solar energy reaching the panels but partial cloud cover has the benefit of reflecting more sunlight onto the solar panel increasing output - International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project The school already has solar power set up by a local company in Kampala. The current power system powers a tv/dvd combo to view educational videos, fluorescent lighting in the dormitories, and a small computer lab of 3 computers

37. Appendix F Manuals To aid in the understanding of the system by the orphanage staff, operational manuals will be supplied. Another aid given will be labels installed on every piece of equipment installed. This label will describe what the part is and what it connects to. During construction, pictures will be taken of the individual parts and of the entire node. These pictures will then be inserted into the manual accompanied with notes on each picture. A hard and soft copy will be given to them

38. Appendix G Calculations The Bullet2HP has a maximum power draw of 8 watts while operating at 12 volts. Using Watts’s Law: P=I*V and extending it for time (24 hour operation): P*t=I*V*t 8Watts*24Hours=IAmperes*12Volts*tHours yields: I*t=8*24/12=16AmpereHours 16 AmpereHours is the critical charge for the battery. According to the data gathered by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project from 1982 to 2001 Masaka has an annual average daily cloud cover of about 60%. The system should have enough power even if the sunlight is occulted for an entire day. The battery should have a capacity of: 16 AmpH * 2 days of autonomy/0.50 discharge = 64 AmpH Because of the average daily cloud cover, the day can be treated as an 11 hour solar day. For enough power to run a single day (24 hours) the solar panel must be at least 17.5 Watts. Assuming that each day will not be an ideal day with full sunlight for 11 hours, a 20 Watt (12V) panel was selected. This will also allow the battery to recharge 18.33AmpH each day with full sunlight. This provides 2.33 AmpH more than will be used to recharge for previous days that may have had some occulting. Coupling these system criteria together provides a full 3 days of operation with one day of sunlight.

39. Appendix H Construction Process To supply power to the Bullet2HP we will be using Power Over Ethernet (POE). The Bullet2HP supports POE, which means one end of a CAT5 cable will be connected directly to the Bullet2HP and the other end of the cable will be cut and a 12V battery will be connected to it. All equipment will be purchased in country (excepting the Bullets and antennae) and the nodes will be assembled and deployed by members of the EWB chapter. The enclosures will be held indoors where possible in attics or otherwise. When that is not possible we can either secure them to the roofs with sandbags, or hang them from the eaves of the buildings. It may become necessary to add a simple undercarriage frame to support the 50 lb batteries, but we anticipate that we will be able to keep them inside which will also add to security. The solar panels will be mounted on the roofs of the buildings using standard mounting brackets that are readily available in country from suppliers of the panels.

40. Appendix I Calculations: Superstructure and Pit lining