1. System Requirements Review AAE 451 Andrew Mizener Diane Barney Jon Coughlin Jared ScheidMark Glover Michael CoffeyDonald Barrett Eric SmithKevin Lincoln

2. Outline I.Mission Statement II.Market and Customers a.Market Size b.Customer Needs c.Customer Benefits III.Competitors IV.Concept of Operations a.Representative City Pairs b.Capacity c.Design and Economic Missions V.System Design Requirements a.QFD b.Benchmarks VI.Initial Sizing / Technical Specifications

3. Mission Statement To design a profitable, supersonic aircraft capable of Trans-Pacific travel to meet the needs of airlines and their passengers around the world.

4. The World in 2020 Profitable operations of our aircraft depend on: The repeal of FAR supersonic flight regulations over land At the minimum, supersonic corridors created over areas of low population density Sonic boom overpressure of.3 lb/ft 2 or less Success of Supersonic Business Jets (SSBJ’s) over the next 10 years Projected growth in passenger volume: Overall: 4.2% per year Asia/Pacific: 6.3% per year China: 9.1% per year ACI Global Traffic Forecast Report 2008-2027

5. Customer Needs Passengers: –High Speed Travel Mach 1.6 - 2.0 Significantly decrease flight time –Comfortable 40 Passenger Capacity Single Class –First or Business Class Airlines: –All above, and additionally: Trans-Pacific range Works at existing airports Obeys all noise and emissions regulations “Capstone” Marketing

6. Customer Benefits Passengers –Speed results in lower trip time –Seating gives more luxurious ride than coach class Airlines –Faster aircraft could lead to more flights per day –Trans-Pacific range gives the opportunity for more travel routes –Aircraft could be used as a selling tool in marketing

7. Market Size Appeal to the wealthier market –Those who currently pay first class fares 2% of passengers pay first class fare –Based on Bureau of Transportation Statistics DB1B Database for Domestic US flights in 2007 –Additional 1% for novelty and convenience –Net: 3% of the US Domestic Market Similar numbers assumed for international routes

8. Projected Sales Expect to sell 120 Aircraft –Projecting market growth to 2020 –Based on Key City Pairs Long enough to provide time savings Travelled enough to provide market foothold –Hard numbers from routes with at least one leg in the US –Include an additional 50% for strictly international routes (particularly in Asia and the Middle East)

9. Competition Three Main Competitors –Supersonic Business Jets (SSBJs) SAI, Aerion, Tupolev, Dassault –Subsonic Airliners Boeing, Airbus –Supersonic Airliners SAI Quiet Supersonic Transport Concept Boeing 787 Dreamliner Next Generation Supersonic Transport Concept

10. SSBJs 2020 sees widespread usage of SSBJs for small volume, high dollar transport Benefits –This usage proves the viability of economic operations above Mach 1.5 –Provides initial capabilities for production of aircraft Structural materials Engine choices Costs –Provides service for high value potential customers

11. Subsonic Airliners Cost will remain the largest factor in customer choice Legacy aircraft will continue to provide cheapest service –Most routes do not require supersonic capability Short routes result in less time saved Limited supersonic corridors –Most airlines will not upgrade to supersonic initially Large initial investment Limited market –The introduction of faster travel on a large scale will serve to drive down ticket prices on existing airframes

12. Supersonic Airliners Within 2 years of GoldJet reaching operation, direct competition will arrive Many existing concepts waiting for funding –Japan’s Next Generation Supersonic Transport Mach 2+ 300 Passengers at business class prices Small scale testing in 2005 –France’s Avion de Transport Supersonique Futur Mach 2+ Development stalled in early 2000’s due to lack of funding –Russia’s Tu-244 Mach 2+ Planned to carry 311 passengers

13. Supersonic Airliners Funding would increase radically as GoldJet and SSBJs achieve economic success –Injection of large scale funds would allow competitors to spool up research to finish projects quickly To combat this competition, GoldJet will come to market quickly with an efficient product

14. Capacity 40 Passengers –Bubble point for # planes sold –Increases passenger comfort –Easier to fill small flights 3 Crew –Pilot, Copilot –One Flight attendant FAR 125.269: One Flight Attendant, 50 pax or fewer

15. Trans-Pacific City Pairs Origin CityCodeRunway (ft)Range (nmi) Los AngelesLAX10,599- Destination Tokyo*NRT13,123 4,737 BeijingPEK10,499 5,432 Shanghai**PDG11,154 5,650 HonoluluHNL12,300 2,221 * Threshold Mission ** Design Mission

16. Trans-Atlantic City Pairs Origin CityCodeRunway (ft)Range (nmi) New YorkJFK11,081- Destination LondonLHR12,404 2,999 AmsterdamAMS10,645 3,166 ParisCDG11,331 3,159 FrankfurtFRA13,123 3,350 MadridMAD11,483 3,119 DublinDUB10,200 2,762

17. Domestic City Pairs Origin City Code Runway(ft) Range (nmi) New York JFK11,081- Destination Miami MIA 13,000 947 Los Angeles LAX 10,599 2,520 Las Vegas LAS14,510 2,346 Seattle SEA 11,900 2,259

18. Europe/Asia City Pairs OriginDestination CityCodeRunway (ft)CityCodeRunway (ft)Range (nmi) Hong KongHKG12,467LondonLHR12,008 5,209 ---DubaiDXB13,124 3,201 ---SydneySYD12,999 3,981 ---SingaporeSIN13,123 1,380 ---MumbaiBOM11,302 2,310 ---DelhiDEL12,500 2,026 DubaiDXB13,124LondonLHR12,008 3,302 ---DelhiDEL12,500 1,182 ---SingaporeSIN13,123 3,157 ---ShanghaiPDG11,154 3,464 ---TokyoNRT13,123 4,316

19. Design Mission Los Angeles – Shanghai –Range: 5,650 nautical miles

20. Design Mission

21. Economic Mission New York (JFK) – Los Angeles (LAX) –2,151 nautical miles Highly Travelled Route –Currently approx. 3,637,000 pax/year –Projected to 5,719,000 pax/year by 2020 Large Market –Two largest population centers in USA –Large economic and social centers Need for Speed Direct (Great Circle) Route

22. Economic Mission Requires assumption of a minimum of “Supersonic Corridors” Long enough to provide a significant time savings –Standard flight: 5 hours, 15 minutes –Supersonic flight: Approx. 3 hours Includes detour to follow supersonic corridor Possible corridor would add only 400 miles Supersonic Corridor Route

23. House of Quality

24. Customer Wants –Profitable Operations –Low Trip Time –Long Range –Marketable –Functions at Current Airports –Many Trips per Day –Passengers Comfortable –Quiet –Low Emissions –Affordable Purchase Cost –Easy to Maintain –Easy to Manufacture –Easy to Fly –Can Carry Cargo –Acquisition Cost –TO Field Length –Landing Field Length –Number of Passengers –Wingspan –Cruise Efficiency –Quiet –Cruise Speed –Block Time –Turnaround Time –Cabin Volume per Passenger –Operating Cost –Boom Overpressure –Stall Speed –Downtime –Minimum Ticket Price –Meets FARs –Second Segment Climb Gradient Means for Realization

25. House of Quality

26. Benchmarking AircraftW 0 [lb]T/W 0 Cruise (M) Range (nmi)Cabin Size Gold Jet339,0000.41.8550040 Concorde408,0000.37302.023900100 Tu-144397,0000.44462.163500120-140 Aerion SBJ90,0000.43561.735008-12 Sukhoi-Gulfstream S-21114,2000.43442.240006-10 Tu-44490,4000.4735240506-10 SAI/LM QSST153,0000.43141.6-1.8400012

27. Initial Sizing Used a least squares fit of historical aircraft to estimate initial gross weight and empty weight.

28. Empty Weight Model Estimated the empty weight fraction as a function of Gross Weight, Aspect Ratio, Thrust to Weight, Wing Loading, and Max Mach Number –We/W0=bW 0 c1 AR c2 (T/W 0 ) c3 (W 0 /S) c4 Mmax c5 –b=1.0784 –c1= - 0.0903 –c2= - 0.0838 –c3= 0.4895 –c4= 0.2357 –c5= - 0.3553 Technology Factor of 0.95 for composites

29. Initial Sizing Results Design Variables –Mission Range: 5650 nmi –Wing Loading: 100 lbf/ft 2 –Aspect Ratio: 5 –Thrust to Weight: 0.4 –Maximum Mach Number: 2 –Cruise Mach Number: 1.8 –Number of Passengers: 40 –Number of Flight Crew: 3 Resulting Weights –W 0 = 361,100 lbs –W e = 150,500 lbs –W f = 201,300 lbs

30. Summary Market and Customers –Market Size: 120 Aircraft –Customer Needs and Benefits High Speed, Long Range, Comfortable Travel Competitors –SSBJs, Subsonic Airliners, Supersonic Airliners Concept of Operations –40 Passengers, 3 Crew –Design Mission: LAX – Shanghai –Economic Mission: JFK – LAX Initial Sizing / Technical Specifications –Mach 1.6 – 2.0 –Range: 5,650 nmi –W 0 = 361,100 lbs

31. Next Steps Refined Sizing Cabin Layout Aerodynamic Analysis –Airfoil and Planform –Supersonic Properties CAD Modeling Engines –Sizing –Choice

32. Questions?

33. Sources FAA.gov –Federal Aviation Regulations Bureau of Transportation Statistics –DB1B, T-100 Databases Airports Council International –Global Traffic Forecast Report 2008-2027 Great Circle Mapper Images –Wikipedia –Airport Journals.com –Boeing.com –AF.mil

34. Compliance Matrix

35. DESIGN MISSION SEGMENTS