1. New Directions In Real-time Control For Green Infrastructure Marcus Quigley, PE, D.WRE Aaron Poresky, PE Dan Pankani, PE Thursday September 16, 2010

2. The Big Picture  What roles can and should technology play in addressing specific urban water control problems?  Can passive approaches achieve optimal solutions given the realities of the built environment?  What can we do with dynamic intelligent controls?  What is the state of the art?  Where are we heading?  What is the larger vision for Water Information Systems?

3. Initial Research Real-Time Tide Gate Retrofit for Salt Mash Restoration Patent # 60/850,600 and 11/869,927

4. Forecast-Controlled Distributed Detention and On-Site Stormwater Use Systems Intelligent Distributed Infrastructure

5. Real-Time Control – EPA 2006 Local Manual Control Local Automatic Control Supervisory Control Automatic (Remote) Regional Control Automatic System-wide Global Control Predictive System-wide Global Control

6. Recent Innovation by Others EmNet, Inc. (Timothy Ruggaber et al., 2008)

7. Novel Optimization Strategies (Wan and Lemmon)

8. Roof Runoff Overflow Conventional Underground Detention System Passive Detention Discharge to Combined Sewer Substantial aggregate discharges during storms Compulsory, distributed storage widespread

9. Roof Runoff Overflow Controlled Discharge to Combined Sewer Forecast-Controlled Distributed Detention Systems Installed Cost $3 - $4 per gallon Cheaper, compelling retrofit opportunities

10. Non-potable Use Roof Runoff Irrigation Overflow Controlled Discharge to Combined Sewer Intelligent Distributed Detention with Integrated Harvesting Systems Water savings benefit at low incremental cost Mitigates total flows to Combined Sewers

11. Advanced Rainwater Harvesting Simplest Definition Drain storage in advance of predicted rainfall or other trigger

12. Modeling  Continuous simulation - USEPA SWMM 5  Hourly rainfall data (DCA)  3900 sf of roof area  Drain a 2500 gallon, 6-ft deep tank when full in 12 hours (orifice)  Both an uncontrolled cistern and a forecast controlled cistern were modeled  Selected model years: 01/1/1965 - 12/31/1974

13. Flow Comparison

14. Baseline: Runoff without detention storage Uncontrolled Cistern: Runoff with passive orifice Controlled Cistern: Runoff with active orifice

15. Cistern Depths Controlled Cistern Depth Uncontrolled Cistern Depth

16. Tank Storage Volumes Uncontrolled Cistern DepthControlled Cistern Depth

17. Cistern Depth Frequencies Mean Daily Water Depth = 0.064 feetMean Daily Water Depth = 4.7 feet

18. Wet-Weather Runoff Volumes  Summation of runoff volume during times when baseline flow is greater than zero  Baseline runoff volume:  12,680 cf/yr  Uncontrolled wet-weather runoff volume:  11,326 cf/yr(11% reduction)  Controlled wet-weather runoff volume:  3,899 cf/yr(69% reduction)

19. Inverted Siphon Downspout Design (Note: location of cistern is shown close to building for illustrative purposes only) Existing Downspout Connection to Combined Sewer Proposed Connection to Combined Sewer 4” Automatic Drain Valve Open During Automated Cleaning Cycle and When Cistern is Full Flow Splitter/Filter Installed on Existing Downspout Inverted Siphon Downspout Pipe (Extends 8’-10’ Above Ground Level) Flow During Typical Use Flow During Emergency Bypass Flow During Cleaning Cycle or When Cistern Full Automated Cistern Drain

21. Green Harvesting Cube Automatic watering of green harvesting cube.

22. Green Roof & Planter Boxes

23. Water Budget Analysis A C B

24. A C B

25. Technology Developments  Traditional RTC  Limited functionality  Abundant input and control relay devices  Size and form-factor issues  Advanced RTC  Wide-ranging, customizable functionality  Access to web-based information streams  Integrate modeling software  Ubiquitous remote access and control

26. OptiRTC/OptiStorm Solution  Uses Internet feeds (e.g., NWS Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts and POP) and real- time sensors to control detention function of water storage  Operate autonomously or as integrated system via server- side solution  Web interfaces can be independent of server-side solution.

27. Internet Based Weather Forecast or other data source or Web service API OptiStorm User Interface Web Services and User Dashboards OptiStorm Data Aggregator and Decision Space Opti Storm Node Compete Harvesting System Monitoring and Control (Sensors, Valves, and Actuators) OptiStorm Data Warehouse

28. SYSTEM 1SYSTEM 2SYSTEM 3 DECISION DATASET 1 DECISION DATASET 2 DECISION DATASET 3

29. System Operation  Interfaces with in-the-field measurement devices and internet data feeds  Logs data to internet connected servers  Runs models on logged data – producing “Decision Space” data  With measured data, decision-space data, and conditional logic…  Actuates devices in the field  Sends internet-based communications  Client-specific data visualization dashboards at optistorm.geosyntec.com (coming soon)

30. OptiRTC/OptiStorm is….  A means for adding real-time monitoring, conditional decision-making, control, and communications to existing infrastructure  and making passive BMP technologies active  A method of making existing and future active BMP technologies adaptive to changing environmental conditions

31. Where are we headed – Short Term?  RTC modeled hydrograph matching  Embedded Models (VS-SWMM)  Actuated Green Roofs  Retrofit wetlands  Retrofit Flood Control Facilities  Etc…

32. The Really Big Picture Availability of an omnipresent physical computing aggregation, analysis, and actuation engine.

33. Ambient Information GoalInformation Conveyed to IndividualTarget Outcomes Reduce Consumptive Use Waste Individual feedback on instantaneous and/or monthly cumulative water use, water pricing data, and/or system demand. Information regarding irrigation consumption best practice based on weather and/or climatic data. Indicating and alerting individuals to changes in local regulatory actions relative to consumptive use such as irrigation bans. Reductions in consumptive use and changes in timing of use as a result of feedback and awareness of impacts. Optimize Storm Water Control Usage Information on how to optimize use of storm water controls that require individual participation (e.g., rain barrel, blue roof, or cistern management). Optimal use of Rain Barrels or other controls which require operator control and decision making (e.g., drain or leave full) for volume control in urbanized areas. Reduce CSO ImpactsInformation regarding receiving water quality and CSO status in combined sewer areas. Consumptive use changes based on direct impacts on receiving waters. These could include but are not limited to timing or other decisions about consumptive use and decisions about waste water quality (e.g., what do I send down the drain at a given time).