2. Residential Metering Technologies By: Ryan Fields TAUD Technical Conference Gatlinburg, TN March 2013 1

3. 2 Today’s Agenda: Why the need for Advancements? Mechanical Meter Technologies Multi-jet Positive Displacement Floating Ball Technology 1-1/2 – 2 Omni R2 Solid State Meter Technologies Fluid Oscillator Ultrasonic Electromagnetic

4. 3 Why the Advancements?  If mechanical measurement has served us for so long, why make a change? –Water Loss = Revenue Loss –New material regulations / January 2014 Lead Free –Inherent low flow limitations with mechanical meters –Increase importance on leak detection –Increased need for system data –Improvements in measurement technology

5. 4 Multi-Jet

6. 5 Multi-jet  Water Uniformly Spread Across Multiple Inlet Ports Flows across an impeller  Impeller velocity determines flow rate  Register determines volume

7. 6 Multi-Jet What is it? Velocity type meter where openings in the meter chamber direct the water flow across a multi-vaned rotor. The output speed of the rotor is proportional to the quantity of water passing through the measuring chamber.

8. 7 Multi-Jet First designed and produced in Germany 1867 Primarily used overseas however they have been available to the US Water industry since early 1960’s Fall under AWWA C708 specification

9. 8 Brands Precision PMM – discontinued March 31, 2012 Precision PMX - discontinued MasterMeter Multi-Jet

10. 9 Multi-jet  Advantages –Great at passing foreign matter –Low flow sensitivity (¼ GPM on 5/8x3/4) –97 – 103 accuracy range –Relatively low head loss for mechanical meter (3.1 PSI at 10 GPM) –Dry-top models registers could be accessed in-line (ex PMM) –Available in a range of sizes (5/8 – 2”) –Economically priced  Disadvantages –Potential jetting (finger over a garden hose / strainer) –Horizontal / plumb installation required for accuracy –Wet-top models had to be pulled for maintenance (ex PMX)

11. 10 Positive Displacement –Two Types Nutating Disc Neptune Badger Hersey Oscillating Piston Sensus Elster – No longer produced Mastermeter

12. 11 Positive Displacement – Nutating Disc

13. 12 Positive Displacement / Nutating Disc What is it? Nutating disc meters have a round disc that is located inside a cylindrical chamber. The disc is mounted on a spindle. The disc nutates, or wobbles, as it passes a known volume of liquid through the cylindrical chamber.

14. 13 Positive Displacement – Nutating Disc

15. 14 Positive Displacement – Nutating Disc Characteristics Originated in the mid 1800’s Volumetric-type meter Ball and Socket measuring element

16. 15 Positive Displacement – Nutating Disc  Advantages –More accurate at low flows than multi-jet (@98.5) –Low friction loss (8.0 psi at 20 gpm) –¼ - 20 GPM Flow Range (5/8x3/4) –Proven technology  Disadvantages –Less likely to effectively pass foreign material (as compared to Multijet) –Can stop up with sand, grit, or other elements easily –Single wear point on the ball

17. 16 Positive Displacement - Nutating Disc

18. 17 Positive Displacement - Nutating Disc

19. 18 Positive Displacement- Oscillating Piston

20. 19 Positive Displacement- Oscillating Piston

21. 20 Positive Displacement - Oscillating Piston

22. 21 Positive Displacement – Oscillating Piston  Characteristics Volumetric-type meter C700 Floating piston ¼ - 20 GPM Flow Range (5/8x3/4)

23. 22 Positive Displacement – Oscillating Piston  Advantages –More accurate at low flows than Multi-jet (@98.5) –Dual port design – floats piston –Low friction loss (7.0 psi at 20 gpm / SRII) –¼ - 20 GPM Flow Range (5/8x3/4) –Large surface area to reduce wear –Proven technology  Disadvantages –Less likely to effectively pass foreign material (as compared to Multijet) –Can stop up with sand, grit, or other elements easily

24. 23 Oscillating Piston Sensus SR Sensus SRII Sensus Accustream MasterMeter MMPD Elster/Amco C700 – No longer producing mechanical meters

25. Sensus R2 Omni Floating Ball Technology 24

26. 25 Floating Ball Technology  R2 replaces the 1-1/2 and 2” SR PD meter as well as the 1-1/2 and 2” PMM  Gives better low flow sensitivity and higher top end flow  Less cost than using Omni Compound C2 or Omni T2

27. 26 Floating Ball Technology  Characteristics of 2” R2 Omni  Operating temperature range of 33°F (.56°C) – 150°F (65.6°C).  Operating Range 100% ± 1.5% from 2.5 – 200 GPM (.56 – 45 m3/hr)  Low Flow 95% – 101.5% @ 1.0 GPM (.23 m3/hr)  Pressure Loss 7.0 psi @ 200 GPM (.48 bar @ 45 m3/hr)  Maximum Operating Pressure - 200 PSI (13.8 bar)  Flange Connections 2” U.S. ANSI B16.1 / AWWA Class 125  Register: Fully electronic sealed register with programmable registration (Gal. /Cu.Ft./ Cu. Mtr. / Imp.Gal / Acre Ft.)  Programmable AMR/AMI reading  Guaranteed 10 year battery life

28. 27 Floating Ball Technology  Floating Ball Technology  Extended flow range  Improved accuracy  One measuring element

29. 28 Electronic Register  Three modes  AMR Output comes standard  Programmable features  LCD odometer  10 year battery life  More data for better decision making AMR / AMI Pulse Registration Units AMR Output Resolution Pulse Output Resolution Register Display 31 Days

30. 29 Floating Ball – Register - AMR

31. 30 Floating Ball – Register - Total

32. 31 Floating Ball – Register - Test

33. 32 Floating Ball – Test Port

34. 33 Versatility  Standard laying lengths  Application flexibility  Interchangeable measuring chambers  Built in strainer and test plug  Drop-in chamber  Ease of maintenance

35. 34 Benefits…  Installation versatility  Extended flow ranges  Excellent return on investment Information Driven Utilities

36. 35 Solid State Meter Technology

37. 36 Solid State Meter Technology  3 Different Types of Technology –Fluidic Oscillator –Residential Ultrasonic –Residential Magnetic

38. CONFIDENTIAL Solid State Meter Technology  Fluidic Oscillator – Elster SM700

39. CONFIDENTIAL Solid State Meter Technology  How does a Fluidic Oscillator Water Meter Work?  A special design of water flow chamber creates a fluctuating pressure sequence that causes the water flow to oscillate.  The frequency of the oscillations is directly proportional to the velocity (speed) of the water.  Sensors in the flow chamber count the oscillations. 38

40. 39 Solid State – Fluidic Oscillator  Advantages –NSF61 Certified –Battery life greater than 15 years –Low head loss (11 psi at 15 gpm) –Increased flow range of.10 – 20 gpm  Disadvantages –Relatively new meter –Metallic electrodes can corrode –Prone to recording electrical current at highest flow rate resulting in over- registration –Not offered in a 1”

41. CONFIDENTIAL Solid State Meter Technology  Fluidic Oscillator Technology from Elster Metering – SM700 40

42. 41 Solid State - Ultrasonic  Residential Ultrasonic Technology from Badger Meter – E Series

43. 42 Solid State - Ultrasonic  Ultrasonic flow meters measure the difference of the transit time of pulses between two transducers.  Ultrasonic signals sent in forward and reverse directions of flow  Velocity of water determined by difference in two signals

44. 43 Solid State – Ultrasonic  Advantages –NSF61 Certified / Annex G –9 digit LCD Display –Flow range of.05 – 25 gpm –Low head loss (2.3 psi at 15 gpm) –20 year battery –175 psi  Disadvantages –Relatively new meter –Ultrasonic reflectors extend thru flow tube and are open to build-up –Recommended installation is 5 (up) and 2 (down) for dampening effect –Because ultrasonic signals are sent every second to monitor flow, pulsation caused by pumps or regulators could create measurement errors –Accuracy can be affected by temperature, density, and viscosity of fluid being measured

45. 44 Solid State - Ultrasonic  Typical Ultrasonic Meter Diagram

46. 45  Badger E-Series Side View

47. 46 Electromagnetic

48. 47 Electro-Magnetic - Iperl

49. 48 Mag Meter: Faraday’s law States that the velocity of the fluid is directly proportional to an induced voltage as the fluid flows through a constant magnetic field. As the flow increases, so does the voltage, and in turn a greater volume of water is measured. 48 Electro-Magnetic - Iperl Patented features to achieve superior low flow accuracy with high flow capability

50. 49 Electro-Magnetic – Iperl Advantages No moving parts – 20 year accuracy Lowest head loss (2.0 psi at 15 gpm) Greatest Flow Range (.03 – 35 gpm on 5/8x3/4) 200 PSI (highest rated on the market) Temperature 33 F – 160 F Burst Pressure – 1650 psi (twice the psi as SRII PD meter) 20 year warranty on the battery Tamperproof Disadvantages Cost

51. 50 Electro-Magnetic – Iperl Remanent Field Technology: What and Why?  Definition: “The magnetization left behind in a material after the external magnetic field is removed”  Remanent Operation Permits Continuous Measurement Without Applying Power Continuously  Major advantages –Helps solve power demands of traditional mag technology –Contributes to better low flow accuracy –20 year battery life

52. 51 Flow Tube – Glass Infused Crystalline Resin Rectangular cross section promotes best physics for measurement accuracy Does not promote scale formation Minimizes swirling and turbulence as water enters flow tube Increases water velocity which helps in detecting ultra low flows Can withstand high pressure (200 psi) Maintains dimensional stability in extreme temperatures (-30 F – 160 F) 51 Electro-Magnetic - Iperl

53. 52 Solid State - Iperl

54. 53  9 digit field programmable display  Sealed, glass encapsulated electronic register  Built-in strainer 53 Features Sealed Electronic Register Flowtube Magnetic Flow Sensors Strainer

55. 54 Available for reporting:  Can detect –Reverse flow –Tamper –Empty pipe –Leak  Lifetime alarms –6 month –1 month –Battery failure 54  Condition monitoring alarms –High temperature –Low field –High current –Glide slope –ADC failure –Touchread failure –EMF range  Alarms to monitor the application as well as the health of the iPERL Intelligent Alarms

56. 55  High Temperature –Exposure to environmental temperature outside its design range (- 30°F to160°F) for more than 15 minutes  Low Field –Issue with the magnetics  High Current –Magnetic drive coil consumes too much power  Glide Slope –Issue with the battery achieving full life of 20 years  TouchRead Failure –Failure of the touchcouple  EMF Range –Electrodes have been badly damaged 55 Condition Monitoring Alarms

57. 56 Alarm History and Datalog  All alarm conditions may be logged –Records time of event –Records complete state of device when event occurred  Datalog –Interval (configurable) data can be stored Peak flow in interval Volume in interval –Capacity for ~5000 data points 49 days at 15 minute intervals 12 years at 24 hour intervals 56

58. CONFIDENTIAL 57 Head Loss Curve Typical PD Meter iPERL

59. 58 Sensus Video http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid808497992001?bckey=AQ~~, AAAAu-frDtE~,LkcoCtFGV5jS4A5r9w- AocR7zhpCG_4Z&bclid=0&bctid=812738342001http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid808497992001?bckey=AQ~~, AAAAu-frDtE~,LkcoCtFGV5jS4A5r9w- AocR7zhpCG_4Z&bclid=0&bctid=812738342001 58 Electro-Magnetic - Iperl

60. CONFIDENTIAL Electronic Registers 59

61. CONFIDENTIAL Registers 60

62. CONFIDENTIAL Electronic Register  Available on SRII and accuSTREAM meters –All orders for encoded accuSTREAMs beginning February 2013 –Option on SRII »ICE-Opto registers will no longer be available after February 2014 –Not tested with multi-read devices  Features –9 digit display (9 th digit is leak indicator) –Rate of flow –AMR/AMI capability (Register ID and AMR digits) –Plastic bonnet with removable register (tamper-resistant set-screw) –Register bonnet is rotatable up to 270° –0.96” shorter than ICE-Opto register  Warranty –20 year (10 full / 10 pro-rated)

63. CONFIDENTIAL Conclusion  Mechanical Meters Are Still a Viable Solution  They Have Served Us Well for Over 100 Years  New Technologies Available Today Offer Compelling Financial and Ecological Benefits  They Compliment AMI System Deployments but Offer Many Benefits Independent of AMI  Utilities Should Explore and Understand the Potential of These Meter Technologies 62

64. 63 Residential Metering Technologies Questions?

65. 64 For more information, please refer to the AWWA M6 Manual or Contact Ryan Fields, CI Thornburg (865) 360 - 0346 (252) 902 - 5410 Ryan.Fields@CITHORNBURG.COM Thank you!