1. Photosynthesis Unit

2. Energy Flow through an Ecosystem

3. Photosynthesis = a process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy

4. Photosynthesis (cont) - plants absorb visible light for photosynthesis - appears white but is made of a variety of colors (ROYGBIV) = visible spectrum

6. Photosynthesis (cont) - pigment = a compound that absorbs light - different colors absorb different colors of light

7. Photosynthesis (cont) - chlorophyll = a molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs visible light - two types: chlorophyll a (primary pigment) chlorophyll b (accessory pigment) - absorb mostly red and blue light - neither a nor b absorbs green light (this is why plants appear green – color is reflected)

8. Structure of Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b

9. Photosynthesis (cont) - carotenoids (accessory pigments) – contain yellow, orange, red, brown pigments - in plants, chlorophylls are much more abundant than other pigments - in fall, plants lose their chlorophylls (carotenoids then become visible)

15. 1) Chloroplast 2) Sunlight 3) Water (H 2 0) 4) Thylakoid contains: chlorophyll contains: chlorophyll 5) Oxygen 6) Energy transferred to Dark Reactions 7) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) 8) Dark Reactions (Calvin Cycle) 9) Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 )

17. Light Reactions - capture energy in sunlight and transfer it - take place in thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast - chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight - water is broken down (into H+ ions, electrons, and oxygen)

18. Light Reactions (cont) - oxygen is released as a waste product - NADPH is formed (functions like ATP = energy) when electrons are added to NADP+ - energy is transferred to make ATP (when H+ ions diffuse) - overall, oxygen is given off as a waste product, NADPH and ATP are formed

19. Light Reactions

20. Light Reaction of Photosynthesis

21. Dark Reactions (Calvin Cycle) - energy (NADPH and ATP) from light reactions make sugars - occurs in stroma of chloroplast - does not need sunlight

22. Dark Reactions (Calvin Cycle) (cont) - carbon dioxide is needed - a simple sugar, glucose, is formed from carbon dioxide and energy from ATP and NADPH

23. Dark Reactions (Calvin Cycle) (cont) - overall, glucose, NADP+, and ADP are created. NADP+ and ADP go back to the light dependent reactions NADP+ and ADP go back to the light dependent reactions

24. Dark Reactions (Calvin Cycle)

27. Equation of Photosynthesis

28. Functions of Photosynthesis - ultimately produces food for all organisms

29. Energy Flow through an Ecosystem

30. Functions of Photosynthesis (cont) - provides materials for plant growth/development - simple sugars become starch and cellulose (found in cell walls)

31. Plant Growth/Development

32. Functions of Photosynthesis (cont) - helps regulate Earth’s environment - removes CO 2 from atmosphere

33. Carbon Cycle

34. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis 1) Light Intensity – as light intensity increases, photosynthesis increases to a point

36. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis (cont) 2) CO 2 Concentration – as CO 2 concentration, photosynthesis increases to a point

38. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis (cont) 3) Temperature – as temperature increases, photosynthesis will increase to a point, then a decrease will occur if temperatures continue to increase