1. Combustion Diagnostics Emission and Combustion Properties of Biofuel Faculty Advisors Dr. Guillaume 1 Dr. Boussalis 1 Student Assistants Michael Tran 2 Henry Luong 1 Johanna Lopez 1 Teresita Buhler 1 Emerzon Cruz 1 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A1 1. California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90023 2. University of California, Irvine, CA 92697

2. MOTIVATION NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A2  What is biodiesel?  Why biodiesel? Advantages and disadvantages 2NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

3. 3 PRESENTATION OUTLINE  Engine vs. Flame Studies  Laser Diagnostics  Laser Induced Incandescence  Laser light extinction  Counterflow Burner  Combustion Properties of Biofuel Primary Thesis Study Possible PhD Study Biodiesel Hydrocarbon Chain 3NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

4. 4 ENGINES VS FLAME STUDIES 4NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

5. 5 LASER INDUCED INCANDESCENCE Goal: Qualitative and quantitative measurement of soot Output: Soot profile, soot volume fractions, and particle size Principle: –Soot is heated by laser (3500-4000K) –Incandescence flame images  soot profile –Incandescence intensity  soot volume fraction –Temporal decay of incandescence  particle size 5NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

6. 6 LII EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 6NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

7. 7 LII EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 7NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

8. 8 LII EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 8NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

9. 9 LII RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS B0B20 Natural Incandescence (Long exposure time) Laser Induced Incandescence 9NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

10. 10NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A LII RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS B0B20 Qualitative Results 10NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

11. 11NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A LIGHT EXTINCTION THEORY Physical meaning of f v : volume of soot per unit volume 11NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

12. 12NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A LIGHT EXTINCTION THEORY Physical meaning of f v : volume of soot per unit volume 12NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

13. 13NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A LIGHT EXTINCTION THEORY 13NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

14. 14NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A LII vs. LIGHT EXTINCTION 14NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

15. COUNTERFLOW BURNER NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A15  Primary Thesis study: Soot emission of biofuel using laser diagnostics  Possible PhD study: Combustion property of biofuel using advanced counterflow flame burner configuration 15NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

16. COUNTERFLOW BURNER NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A16 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

17. COUNTERFLOW BURNER NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A17 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

18. PROJECT TIMELINE NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Bio-Diesel Emission Properties Combustion Team Timeline: March 2010 - February 2011 20102011 Student NameMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEB Michael Tran Presentation Laser Diagnostics Testing Prepare master's thesis paper Co-Flow Flame Configuration Setup Literature Review Prepare ASME Paper Prepare for ASME Conference Flame Temperature Measurements CFD Analysis of Flow - Corroborate Experimental Data Apply Laser Diagnotics Technique: LIIFlame Speed Measurement Training Testing Calibration and Parameterization Enhancement Study and Record Bio-Diesel PropertiesLaser Light Extinction MeasurementsData Analysis & Modeling Henry Luong Presentation Shadowing graduate student training Literature ReviewCo-Flow Flame Configuration SetupLiterature Review Laser Diagnostics & Counterflow Burner Setup Familiarization Flame Temperature Measurements CFD Analysis of Flow - Corroborate Experimental Data Apply Laser Diagnotics Technique: LIIFlame Speed Measurement Testing Calibration and Parameterization Enhancement Study and Record Bio-Diesel PropertiesLaser Light Extinction Measurements Reconfigure Counterflow Setup Johanna Lopez Presentation Biofuels studies Literature ReviewCo-Flow Flame Configuration SetupLiterature Review Laser Diagnostics & Counterflow Burner Setup Familiarization Non-Premixed Counterflow Co-Flow Flame Configuration Setup CFD Analysis of Flow - Corroborate Experimental Data Apply Laser Diagnotics Technique: LIIFlame Speed Measurement Testing Calibration and Parameterization Enhancement Study and Record Bio-Diesel PropertiesLaser Light Extinction Measurements Check Basic Assumptions and Parameters Teresita Buhler Combustion fundamentals study Literature ReviewCo-Flow Flame Configuration SetupLiterature Review Non-Premixed Counterflow Co-Flow Flame Configuration Setup CFD Analysis of Flow - Corroborate Experimental Data Apply Laser Diagnotics Technique: LII Flame Speed Measurement Combustion fundamentals studyStudy and Record Bio-Diesel PropertiesLaser Light Extinction Measurements Emerson Cruz Combustion fundamentals study Literature ReviewCo-Flow Flame Configuration SetupLiterature Review Combustion fundamentals studyStudy and Record Bio-Diesel PropertiesApply Laser Diagnotics Technique: LIIFlame Speed Measurement Bio-Diesel Emission Properties Combustion Timeline: March 2009 - February 2010 20092010 Student Name MARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEB Michael Tran Literature review Literature review.Literature review Preliminary flame speed test using rectangular chamber Interested in emission studies of biodiesel. Smoke point test measurements Design of spherical combustion chamber for flame speed measurement New design of counterflow flame. Look for manufacturers of counterflow configuation. Begin laser diagnostics study. Finalize counter flame design Perform laser diagnostic particularly in laser-induced incandescence Prepare paper for Western States Conference Submit counterflow flame drawing to manufacturer Begin assemby of conterflow flame burner Counterflow flame burner assembly Continue LII Work New laser diagnostics test: Light extinction measurement 18NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

19. REFERENCES NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A19 References -Turn, S. An Introduction to Combustion. Mc Graw Hill. 2 nd Ed. (2000) -Eckbreth, A.C Laser Diagnostics for Combustion Temperature and Species. Abacus Press, 1988 -Glassman, I. Combustion. 3rd Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, 1996 -Vander Wal, R.L. Using Laser-Induced Incandescence to Measure Soot/Smoke Concentrations. 1997. NASA Report # 97-206325 -Shaddix, R.C., Smyth, K.C. Laser-Induced Incandescence Measurements of Soot Production in Steady and Flickering Methane, Propane, and Ethylene Diffusion Flames. Combustion and Flame. 1996;107:418-452 -Melton, L. Soot Diagnostics Based on Laser Heating. Applied Optics. 1984; 23: 2001-2208 -Schumacher, L.G, William G.H, Borgel, S.C. Fueling Diesel Engines with Methyl-Ester Soybean Oil. Liquid Fuels from Renewable Resources: Proceedings of an Alternative Conference. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Nashville, TN, 1992 19NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

20. REFERENCES NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A20 References -Choi, S.C. Measurement and Analysis of the Dimensionless Extinction Constant for Diesel and Biodiesel Soot: Influence of Pressure, Wavelength and Fuel-Type. Thesis Dissertation. Drexel University. 2009 -Bladh, H. On the Use of Laser-Induced Incandescence for Soot Diagnostics: From Theoretical Aspects to Applications in Engines. Doctoral Dissertation. Lund University, 2007 -D1322. Standard Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosene and Aviation Turbine Fuel. American Society for Testing and Materials. Reapproved 2002 -Ziejewski, M., Kaufman, K.R, Schwab, A.W., Pryde, E.H. Diesel Engine Evaluation of a Nonionic Sunflower Oil- Aqueous Ethanol Microemulsion. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society. 1984: 61; 1620-1626 -Nwafor, O.M, Rice, G. Performance of Rapeseed Oil Blends in a Diesel Engine. Applied Energy. 1996; 54: 354-354 20NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

21. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Cooperation between graduate/undergraduates at SPACE Center (CSULA) and Lasers, Flames, and Aerosols Laboratory (UCI) Grant provide by NASA # NNX08BA44A NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A21 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A