1. Hydrological Services America Excellence in Snow Measurement

2. Snow Depth sensor - USH-8 Snow Scale - SSG Snow Pack Analyzer – SPA

3. Snow depth Snow temperature Snow water equivalent Liquid water content in snow pack Snow melt-off prediction

4. Snow Measurement 2013 Varied Terrains

5. USH-8 Ultra Sonic Snow Depth Sensor

6. USH-8 Ultra-Sonic Snow Depth Sensor Designed for extreme conditions Protective shield against icing Integrated lightning protection High accuracy - integrated temperature compensation Sealed Ceramic Membrane – no measurement loss

7. USH-8 Snow Depth Sensor Analog: Output: Snow depth Output: Snow depth 4 - 20mA (configurable) 4 - 20mA (configurable)Digital: Output: Snow depth, air temp, quality flag Output: Snow depth, air temp, quality flag Connection via RS 232 Connection via RS 232

8. Snow Measurement 2013 H (m) Ø (m) DB (m) 20,41,0 30,61,2 40,81,4 51,11,6 61,31,8 71,52,0 81,72,2 USH-8 Ultra-Sonic Snow Depth Sensor

9. Snow Measurement 2013 USH-8 Snow Depth Sensor

10. SNOW SCALE SSG SWE (Snow Water Equivalent) Sensor

11. SSG – SWE Sensor Continuous Snow-Water-Equivalent (SWE) Minimizes ice bridging High accuracy during melting - perforated aluminum plates allow thermal flow between sensor & ground No antifreeze liquid required Light & robust aluminum construction Minimal preparation of measuring site required

12. Text Higher Accuracy during melting process Compared to Snow Pillow

13. Modular construction no part heavier than 10 kg

14. SPA Snow Pack Analyzer

15. SPA-Snow Pack Analyzer Automatic & Continuous Measurement of Snow Parameters Snow Depth Snow Density Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) Content of liquid, water & ice

16. SPA-Snow Pack Analyzer Automatic, continuous measurement, no measurement errors caused by ice layers Installation on hillsides Valuable data input Entire snow pack Entire snow pack At a specific depth (multiple sensors at different heights) At a specific depth (multiple sensors at different heights) Extended area - measure with up to 4 SPA-sensors Extended area - measure with up to 4 SPA-sensors

17. SPA – Snow Pack Analyzer Spa Measurement Principle Three components of snow are determined: Ice Ice Liquid water Liquid water Air Air The dielectric constant between ice, water and air is different The dielectric constant is determined by complex impedance measurements

18. Snow Measurement 2013 SWE from SPA and Snow Pillow

19. Snow Measurement 2013 SWE from SPA and new snow

20. SWE from SPA and new Snow

21. Snow Measurement 2013 Snow density at 10cm near ground

22. Run-off prediction Point A »Snow compression starts »SWE constant Point B »Significant increase of liquid water content prior to the start of the run-off A B Point C »Run-off starts »SWE decreases C

23. SPA – Snow Pack Analyzer Forecast of water capacity from snow melt and run-off Flood prevention Management of hydro power resources Liquid water content Prediction of wet snow avalanches Flood prediction Large areal resolution Calibration of remote sensing data Calibration of numeric models

24. Snow Measurement 2013 SPA – Snow Pack Analyzer

25. Questions? Hydrological Services America is happy to answer them Email us sales@hydrologicalusa.com sales@hydrologicalusa.com Call us at 561 459 4876 Find more information at our website www.hydrologicalusa.com