1. DNA Cellular Reproduction Genetics
FCAT Review
DNA
Cellular Reproduction
Genetics
Assembled by: Jami Shaw and Amanda Braget

2. DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)- genetic material of all organisms is made up of two twisted strands of sugar-phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases.
Found in the nucleus of a cell
Looks like a spiral stair case (double helix) with matching bases
A-T Adenine - Thymine
G-C Guanine - Cytosine

3. DNA Hierarchy of DNA Nitrogen bases Sugar phosphate backbone DNA=
Gene (small section)
Chromosome (different shape)

4. DNA and Genetics DNA is responsible for all of our traits
It is passed from the parent to the offspring
Cells must divide in order for reproduction of organisms to occur
Two ways DNA is passed from parent to offspring
Asexual reproduction (one parent cell)
Sexual reproduction (two parent cells)

5. Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
One parent cell that has all of the chromosomes makes an identical copy of itself
Parent cell then splits into two genetically identical cells
These cells go through Mitosis
Sexual Reproduction
Two parent cells that have half the number of chromosomes must join
Two cells combine giving the offspring half of the mother’s genetics and half of the father’s genetic information

6. Asexual VS Sexual Reproduction

7. Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction

8. Mitosis Cell division for body cells Outcome- 2 IDENTICAL cells
They have the same amount of chromosome as the parent cell
Humans have 46 chromosomes

9. Meiosis Cell division to produce sex cells with ½ the DNA
For sexual reproduction meiosis must happen in order to create cells which have HALF the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Human sex cells have 23 chromosome so together they can make 46 total chromosomes (full DNA)

10. Heredity – passing of traits from parents to offspring
With sexual reproduction you can have different traits show up in the offspring because of different alleles in the parents
Alleles – different forms a gene has for a trait
A – dominant allele for a trait (upper case)
a – recessive allele for a trait (lower case)
Heterozygous – different alleles (Aa)
Homozygous – identical alleles
(AA or aa)

11. Punnett Squares Tools for predicting genetic crosses
Genotype – genetic makeup
What alleles are present
Letters (A, a, B, b etc.)
Phenotype – physical makeup
What is shown
The physical appearance (tall, short, white, red etc.)

12. Fill in the Punnett Square
T – tall plants
t – short plants
What is the likelihood the plants offspring will be tall?
What is the likelihood the plants offspring will be short?
What percentage of offspring will be tall plants?

13. Fill in the Punnett Square
T – tall plants
t – short plants
What is the likelihood the plants offspring will be tall?
What is the likelihood the plants offspring will be short?
What percentage of offspring will be tall plants?
2 :4 or 1:2
2:4 or 1:2
50%

14. Punnett Squares
YOU MUST know how to compete a punnett square and tell what percentage of traits will show up in the offspring
You’re percentages should always add up to 100%
Pay attention to whether is asking about the genotype of phenotype