1. Lewis Hine Photography

2. What is this H.O.T task? You will analyze a photograph and –Interpret the impact of visual cues (camera angle, exposure, framing) –Connect the photo to historical events and trends –Evaluate the photographer’s message

3. Who was Lewis Hine? School teacher Quit job to become an investigative photographer Wanted to end child labor Essential Question: How does Hine convey his message about child labor through his photography? Let’s read his BIOGRAPHY…

4. Photograph Analysis Subject Angle Exposure (amount of light) Framing Historical Context Photographer’s perspective Message How does it engage the 5 senses? How does the bias effect perspective? David Conover- Yank Magazine 1943

5. Subject Angle Exposure Framing Historical Context Photographer’s perspective How does it engage the 5 senses? How does the bias effect perspective? Message

6. What kinds of jobs did children do? American children worked in large numbers in mines, glass factories, textiles, agriculture, canneries, home industries, and as newsboys, messengers, bootblacks, and peddlers.

35. Connecting Past to Present- Child Labor Today

37. Child Labor Today The International Labor Organization estimates worldwide that there are 246 million exploited children aged between 5 and 17 involved in debt bondage, forced recruitment for armed conflict, prostitution, pornography, the illegal drug trade, the illegal arms trade and other illicit activities around the world.

38. Domestic servitude is an especially large area where we find children being exploited, especially in poorer countries.Domestic servitude In Nepal, around 25,000 girls as young as six years old, are bonded away each year into a life of slavery.

39. What is child labor? Though definitions vary, child labor means work that is done by children under the age of 15 (14 in some developing countries) which restricts or damages a child's physical, emotional, intellectual, social and/or spiritual growth. Sometimes, work does not harm children. Work may even help them to learn new skills or to develop a sense of responsibility. Most people agree that when we speak about child labor, we mean labor which is intolerable or harmful to children, or which denies them their right to fully develop, to play or to go to school. Child labor includes: Work performed by children under the age of 15 Long hours of work on a regular or full-time basis Abusive treatment by the employer No access, or poor access, to education

41. Thousands of children in West Africa work in the production of cocoa, chocolate’s primary ingredient. The West African nation of Cote d’Ivoire is the leading supplier of cocoa, accounting for more than 40% of global production. Low cocoa prices received by cocoa farmers for their beans drive them to employ children as a means to survive. The US Department of State estimates that more than 109,000 children in Cote d’Ivoire’s cocoa industry work under “the worst forms of child labor,” and that some 10,000 are victims of human trafficking or forced labor.

47. American companies using child labor

57. What about Connecticut Child Labor Regulations? Connecticut Department of Labor Permitted Occupations for 14 & 15 Year-Olds: Agriculture Street trades (newspaper delivery, shoe shining, baby-sitting, etc.) Hospitals (no food service or laundry) Convalescent homes (no food service or laundry) Hotels and motels (no food service or laundry) Banks Insurance companies Professional offices (lawyers, CPAs, etc.) Municipalities (library attendants, recreation departments, etc.) Golf caddies Acting Household chores for private homeowners (yard work, etc.) Licensed summer camps Mercantile/solicitation (see below)* *15-year old may be employed or permitted to work in any mercantile establishment as a bagger, cashier, or stock clerk

58. More CT Labor Laws 14 & 15 year-old minors may not be employed: During school hours. Before 7 a.m. or after 7 p.m., except from July 1 to Labor Day, when evening hours are extended to 9 p.m. More than 3 hours per day on school days or 8 hours on non-school days. More than 18 hours a week in school weeks or 40 hours in non-school weeks.

59. Back to Hine First we will pick a photo to analyze aloud as a class. Then, we will pick a photo to analyze as a class but you will answer the questions on your own for your proficiency.

60. - What is the American dream? Is it obtainable for all? -How is the immigrant experience presented to grade school students? -Is America a haven for immigrant populations? -Was the immigrant experience romanticized? Is it today? -Is America a melting pot or a salad bowl? -Was the presence of immigrant groups during the industrial era essential to the economic development of America? -What problems to modern immigrants face in the states today? -What should the US immigrant policy be in the decade to come? -What stereotypes of ethnic groups exist today and are these used to justify the treatment of certain groups? Can we overcome these stereotypes? -Are we a xenophobic nation? -What should the United States do about child labor today? Can anything be done? Is child labor really wrong from a moral standpoint?