1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV/AIDS
The scary reality

2. Communicable Diseases
Communicable diseases- is a disease spread from one living organism to another through the environment
Infection- occurs when pathogens in the body multiply and damage.
Virus
Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoa
Rickettsia

3. How Diseases Spread Direct contact Indirect contact Puncture wounds
Child Birth
Contact with infected animals
Indirect contact
Contaminated objects
Vectors (flies, ticks, etc)
Contaminated food or water
Airborne Transmission

4. Taking Precautions Wash your hands Safe food preparations
Abstain from tobacco, alcohol, other drugs
Exercise, eat healthy
Protect yourself from vectors
Use insect repellent, long sleeves, avoid long time outdoors

5. Fighting Communicable Diseases
Immune System- a network of cells, tissues, organs, and chemicals that fights off pathogens
Phagocytes- white blood cells that attack invading pathogens
Antigens- substance that can trigger an immune response
Immunity- the state of being protected against a particular disease

6. Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes- special white blood cell that coordinate and perform many function of specific immunity
T Cells- special lymphocyte that can trigger the production of B cells
Antibody- protein that acts against a specific antigen

7. Immune System Memory
Your immune system can “remember” antigens that it has dealt with in the past.
Active Immunity- develops from natural or artificial processes.
Vaccine- a preparation of dead or weakened pathogens that are introduced to the body to stimulate immune response.
Passive Immunity- body receives antibodies from another person or an animal.

8. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Infections that are spread from person to person through sexual contact.
Also know as sexually transmitted infections
Some infections are bacterial (curable), and some infections are viral (non-curable)

9. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Many infections are asymptomatic in which the person show no symptoms or the symptoms are mild and disappear after the onset.

10. Genital HPV Infections
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
30 strains are transmitted through sexual contact
Symptoms include: warts (bumps) in or around the genital area; can cause cervical cancer
May go away on own, may grow, or spread, and may remain unchanged.
Warts can come back; virus may remain in body

11. Chlamydia Affects both women and men
Symptoms occur within 7-28 days of intercourse
Most have NO symptoms, discharge from vagina, bleeding between periods, burning or pain with urination, pain in abdomen; fever and nausea, frequent urination

12. Chlamydia Can lead to a more serious infection
Reproductive organs can be damaged
Sterility can occur
Mother can pass it to child during birth

13. Gonorrhea Symptoms can occur 2-21 days after intercourse
Most have no symptoms
Thick yellow or white discharge, burning with urination and pain with bowel movement, abnormal periods, cramps in abdomen

14. Gonorrhea Reproductive organs can be damaged Sterility can occur
Can pass to child during birth
Can cause heart trouble, skin disease, or blindness

15. Herpes Symptoms can occur 1-30 days or longer after intercourse
Many have no symptoms or mild symptoms
Flu- like feeling
Small, painful blisters around genitals or mouth
Itching or burning before the blisters appear, blisters last 1-3 weeks
Blisters go away, but you still have herpes.

16. Syphilis 1st Stage: Symptoms can occur 3-12 weeks after intercourse
A painless, reddish- brown sore or sores on the mouth, sex organs, breast or fingers
Sores last 1-5 weeks
Sores go away, but you still have syphilis
2nd Stage:
1 week to 6 months after sores heal
Rash anywhere on the body
Flu- like symptoms
Symptoms will subside, but you still have syphilis

17. Prevention
Abstinence is the most successful way to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.

18. HIV/AIDS HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) attacks the immune system.
The final stage of HIV is known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) in which the immune system is weakened.
25 million people have died from the disease; 40 million people are infected with HIV/AIDS worldwide

19. HIV/AIDS transmission
Sexual intercourse
Sharing needles
From mother to baby

20. HIV Stages
Asymptomatic Stage- can last for 10 years; confined to lymph nodes; no outward signs
Middle Stage- occurs in about 40-70% of patients
Symptomatic stage- T cell count is between ; may experience flu-like symptoms
AIDS stage- T cell count drops below 200 and AIDS opportunistic infections have to be present (respiratory infection, flu, etc).

21. Female Reproduction
The external reproductive organs, known as, the vulva include the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, vaginal opening, and clitoris.

22. Female Reproduction
Mons Pubis: if the mound of fatty tissue that is located in the front of the body
Labia Majora: fatty folds on either side of the vaginal opening; oil and sweat glands provide moisture and lubrication.
Labia Minora: smaller folds within the majora that contain oil glands and blood vessels; protection from pathogens into the body.
Vaginal Opening: hymen is located here; allows for menstrual flow; any sperm that is released into the opening may travel through the hymen and become fertilized. The urethra, which is how urine is excreted is also located here.

23. Internal Female Reproduction
Vagina: an elastic, muscle- lined tube 3-4 inches long; also known as the birth canal; menstrual flows exits from this space.
Cervix: neck of the uterus; dilates during child birth; glands that secrete mucus for lubrication
Uterus: hollow, muscular organ that receives and holds fertilized ovum during pregnancy; shaped like an upside down pear; nourish fetus
Fallopian Tube: tubes on each side of the uterus that connects the uterus to the region of the ovaries
Ovaries: two female sex glands that produce mature ova and female hormones

24. Female Reproduction
Ovulation: the releasing one mature ovum each month into a fallopian tube
Menstruation: process of shedding the uterine lining; range in 28 day cycles
Amenorrhea: lack of periods by the age of 16
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS): rare disease caused by bacteria; flu- like symptoms; super tampons are believed to be responsible