1. GI Anatomy/Histology Dan Cushman

2. Four layers of the GI tract Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Externa Serosa What are the 3 sublayers of the mucosa? Epithelium Lamina Propria Muscularis Mucosa

3. Three regions of the small intestine IleumJejunumDuodenum Where does most of the carbohydrate and protein absorption occur? Jejunum

4. Small intestine layers Muscularis Submucosa Serosa Mucosa

5. Large intestine mucosa Submucosa Lamina propria Muscularis mucosae Intestinal gland Goblet cells What am I? What am I? More or less goblet cells than the small intestine? More

6. Fundic glands Chief cells Parietal cells What am I? What am I? Where in the stomach are these located? Fundus Where in the stomach are parietal cells located? Mostly fundus, a few in the pyloric antrum (Par-eye-ital)

7. Esophagus-stomach junction Cardiac stomach Circular muscle (thickened) Esophagus epithelium Mucous glands Longitudinal muscle Myenteric plexus What am I? What am I? What are the differences between the muscularis mucosae of the stomach and the esophagus? Stomach – thin (circular & longitudinal); esophagus – thick (longitudinal) How many layers of muscle in the muscularis externa of the stomach? 3 – (inner) oblique, (middle) circular, (outer) longitudinal

8. Small intestine mucosa Muscularis mucosae Intestinal gland Goblet cells Absorptive cells Enterocytes Paneth cells Villus What am I? What am I? What type of epithelium is present? Simple columnar with brush border What’s special about the submucosa here? Plicae circulares

9. Liver lobule Central vein Bile flow Blood flow Portal triads ? ? What am I? What am I?

10. Gallbladder Mucosal folds Lamina propria Muscle Simple columnar epithelium Perimuscular layer What am I?

11. Pyloric sphincter Pylorus Sphincter - circular muscle Villi of the Duodenum Submucosal mucous glands What am I? What am I? What type of epithelium is present? Simple columnar, mucous-secreting What are the five fundic glands? Parietal, chief, enteroendocrine, stem, mucous neck What do the first three do? Parietal – produce HCl and intrinsic factor Chief – secrete pepsinogen Enteroendocrine – produce gastrin and serotonin

12. Esophagus Histology 3. Muscularis Externa 1. Mucosa Mucous gland 2. Submucosa What am I? What am I?

13. Liver Surface Falciform ligament Round ligament (umbilical vein) Caudate lobe Quadrate lobe

14. Zone I Zone III Hepatic Functional Unit Name the zones Name the zones Which region has more: Oxidative activities Mitochondria Detoxification activities Ammonia removal Cholesterol synthesis β-oxidation Lipogenesis Gluconeogenesis Glycolysis Which region has more: Oxidative activities Mitochondria Detoxification activities Ammonia removal Cholesterol synthesis β-oxidation Lipogenesis Gluconeogenesis Glycolysis I I I I III I I I I I I

15. Liver Cells Region? Region? Surrounding Cells? Surrounding Cells? Cell? Cell? Cells? Cells? Region? Region? Cell? Cell? Bile Cannaliculi ?? ??

16. ESOPHAGEAL DYSPHAGIA solids only – mechanical intermittent progressive Schatzki ring esophageal web benign tumor peptic stricture weight lossheartburn esophageal cancer

17. ESOPHAGEAL DYSPHAGIA solids and liquids - motility intermittent progressive scleroderma chest pain diffuse esophageal spasm heartburn achalasia aspiration