1. BASIC EAR ANATOMY OR WHATS IN AN EAR

2. BASIC EAR ANATOMY EXPECTED OUTCOMES EXPECTED OUTCOMES  TO UNDERSTAND THE HEARING MECHANISM  TO BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES OF THE EAR

3. BASIC EAR ANATOMY HEARING MECHANISM HEARING MECHANISM  OUTER EAR – ACOUSTIC TO KINETIC ENERGY  MIDDLE EAR – CAUSES INCREASE IN KINETIC ENERGY ( x18)  INNER EAR – KINETIC TO HYDRAULIC ENERGY THEN HYDRAULIC TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

4. BASIC EAR ANATOMY MADE UP OF THREE REGIONS MADE UP OF THREE REGIONS EXTERNAL EAR EXTERNAL EAR  PINNA OR AURICLE  EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL MIDDLE EAR MIDDLE EAR  TYMPANIC MEMBRANE  MALLEUS, INCUS AND STAPES  EUSTATION TUBE OR PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE

5. BASIC EAR ANATOMY INNER EAR INNER EAR BONY AND MEMBRANEOUS LABRYNTH BONY AND MEMBRANEOUS LABRYNTH  VESTIBULE  SEMI-CIRCULAR CANALS  COCHLEA  VESTIBULAR NERVE  AUDITORY NERVE

6. BASIC EAR ANATOMY MASTOID BONE MASTOID BONE  HONEYCOMB OF AIR CELLS  LOCATED BEHIND, ABOVE AND BELOW THE EAR  CELLS LINED BY THIN MUCOUS MEMBRANE

7. BASIC EAR ANATOMY OUTER EAR OUTER EAR  THE PINNA OR AURICLE  CONSISTS OF CARTILEGE AND SKIN  ACTS AS A CHANNEL FOR SOUND WAVES AND DIRECTS THEM TOWARDS THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS AND ON TO THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE  MADE UP OF 8 DISTINCT STRUCTURES

8. BASIC EAR ANATOMY OUTER EAR OUTER EAR  PINNA OR AURICLE  CARTILEGE COVERED WITH PERICHONDRIUM BOUND TO THE SKIN  AUDITORY MEATUS  2/3 CARTILEGE  1/3 BONE  STOPS AT THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

9. BASIC EAR ANATOMY AUDITORY MEATUS AUDITORY MEATUS  CERUMEN (WAX) IS PRODUCED IN THE OUTER 2/3 AND IS A BACTERICIDAL WHICH AIDS IN THE CLEANING MECHANISM ALONG WITH EPITHELIAL MIGRATION

10. BASIC EAR ANATOMY THE MIDDLE EAR THE MIDDLE EAR  THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE  ROUGHLY CIRCULAR  ALMOST TRANSPARANT WITH A CAPILLIARY BLOOD SUPPLY  JOINS MEATUS AROUND ITS CIRCUMFERENCE (ANNULAR)

11. BASIC EAR ANATOMY THE MIDDLE EAR THE MIDDLE EAR  THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE  CONSISTS OF THREE LAYERS  OUTER EPITHELIAL  MIDDLE ELASTIC FIBRE  INNER MUCOUS MEMBRANE

12. BASIC EAR ANATOMY THE MIDDLE EAR THE MIDDLE EAR  THE OSSICLES  STAPES  INCUS  MALLEUS  TRANFERS SOUND VIBRATIONS FROM THE TYPANIC MEMBRANE TO THE INNER EAR

13. BASIC EAR ANATOMY THE MIDDLE EAR THE MIDDLE EAR  EUSTACHIAN TUBE OR PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE  LINKS THE MIDDLE EAR TO THE PHARYNX  ALLOWS PRESSURE TO EQUALISE BETWEEN THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE MIDDLE EAR  ALLOWS MUCOUS DRAINAGE

14. BASIC EAR ANATOMY INNER EAR INNER EAR  BONY LABRYNTH  ANTERIORLY THE COCHLEA  MIDDLE THE VESTIBULE  POSTERIORLY THE 3 SEMI-CIRCULAR CANALS

15. BASIC EAR ANATOMY INNER EAR INNER EAR  VESTIBULE  THE FLUID FILLED (PERI-LYMPH AND ENDO-LYMPH) CENTRAL CAVITY OF THE BONY LABYRNTH

16. BASIC EAR ANATOMY INNER EAR INNER EAR  SEMI-CIRCULAR CANALS  RESPONSIBLE FOR SENSING MOTION AND BALANCE  HOLLOW BONEY TUBES FILLED WITH PERILYMPH  CONTAINS THE MEMBRANEOUS LABYRNTH AND ENDOLYMPH

17. BASIC EAR ANATOMY INNER EAR INNER EAR  THE COCHLEA  A SPIRAL SHAPED FLUID FILLED STRUCTURE LINED WITH TINY HAIRS (CILLIA) WHICH MOVE WHEN VIBRATED AND CAUSE A NERVE IMPULSE TO FORM

18. BASIC EAR ANATOMY INNER EAR INNER EAR  THE COCHLEA  CONTAINS THE ORGAN OF CORTI THROUGH WHICH ELECTRICAL (SOUND) IMPULSES ARE SENT ALONG THE AUDITORY NERVE TO THE BRAIN

19. BASIC EAR ANATOMY THE AUDITORY NERVE THE AUDITORY NERVE  CARRIES SOUND IMPULSES FROM THE COCHLEA TO THE BRAIN THE VESTIBULAR NERVE THE VESTIBULAR NERVE  CARRIES BALANCE SIGNALS FROM THE SEMI-CIRCULAR CANALS TO THE BRAIN

20. BASIC EAR ANATOMY anvil - (also called the incus) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the hammer to the stirrup. cochlea - a spiral-shaped, fluid-filled inner ear structure; it is lined with cilia (tiny hairs) that move when vibrated and cause a nerve impulse to form. eardrum - (also called the tympanic membrane) a thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves reach it. Eustachian tube - a tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the nose; it equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and the air outside. When you "pop" your ears as you change altitude (going up a mountain or in an airplane), you are equalizing the air pressure in your middle ear. hammer - (also called the malleus) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the eardrum to the anvil.

21. BASIC EAR ANATOMY nerves - these carry electro-chemical signals from the inner ear (the cochlea) to the brain. outer ear canal - the tube through which sound travels to the eardrum. pinna - (also called the auricle) the visible part of the outer ear. It collects sound and directs it into the outer ear canal semicircular canals - three loops of fluid-filled tubes that are attached to the cochlea in the inner ear. They help us maintain our sense of balance. stirrup - (also called the stapes) a tiny, U-shaped bone that passes vibrations from the stirrup to the cochlea. This is the smallest bone in the human body (it is 0.25 to 0.33 cm long).

22. BASIC EAR ANATOMY PINNA EAR CANAL TYMPANIC MEMBRANE MALLEUS INCUS STAPES AND OVAL WINDOW SEMI CIRCULAR CANALS VESTIBULAR AND AUDITORY NERVES COCHLEA EUSTACHIAN TUBE

23. BASIC EAR ANATOMY QUESTIONS ? NO ….GOOD!!!