1. “Everyone can learn but we have to figure out how to teach”

2. My inspiration Dr. Marc Gold Marc Gold began his career as a special education teacher in Los Angeles. It was there that he formulated a values based systematic training approach, “Try Another Way.” This approach was based on a few fundamental beliefs: Everyone can learn but we have to figure out how to teach; students with developmental disabilities have much more potential than anyone realizes; and all people with disabilities should have the opportunity to decide how to live their lives.

3. “Try Another Way” Video  Available from ACTIV library.  View at the ideaswa website www.ideaswa.net Go to “Training Material” and click on “marc gold1 ” www.ideaswa.net

4. Six key training tips.  Creating the optimum training environment  Using Task Analysis  Using modified equipment and training aids  Correct use of prompts when training  Training a “willing” co-worker  Finding the best positive reinforcement

5. Task Analysis  Do the job yourself several times.  Consider the best sequence of steps in the analysis.  If there are too many steps for the worker to learn. Break into “chunks”  Can you incorporate modified equipment into the task to make it easier?  The first analysis is only a draft.

6. Example  Put latex gloves on.  Pick up burger bun.  Separate bun.  Place opened bun on bench.  Pick up spatula.  Scrape mayo/stuffing mix onto spatula.  Spread mix evenly on bottom part of bun.  Place spatula in mayo/stuffing bowl.  Pick up cheese slice.  Place on top of mayo/stuffing mix.  Pick up two bacon slices.  Place evenly on top of cheese.  Pick up white chicken pieces.  Place on top of bacon.  Pick up dark chicken pieces.  Spread evenly with white chicken.  Place top of bun on burger.  Pick up sheet of greaseproof paper.  Lay out flat on bench.  Place burger on the middle of the paper.  Bring top and bottom edges of paper together.  Fold down until the paper reaches top of burger.  Fold both sides of paper sticking out from burger under burger.  Place wrapped burger into bread tray.

7. Micro analysis  Pinch top of paper between index finger and thumb of left hand.  Pinch bottom of paper between index finger and thumb of right hand.  Line up edges of top and bottom.  Hold top and bottom edges together with both hands.  Fold both edges over about 5 cms.  Grasp left edge of paper between index finger and thumb of left hand.  Slide right hand index finger and thumb across the fold from left to right.  Repeat folding until paper has reached top of burger.  Place left hand gently on top of burger.  With right hand fold the paper overhanging the burger underneath the burger.  Place right hand gently on burger.  With left hand fold the paper overhanging the burger underneath the burger.  Place wrapped burger flat in bread tray.

8. Training the steps of a Task Analysis  There are several options; –Train the total task each time. –Train a part of the total task only –Use a “match to sample” technique.  The best option will depend on the learner’s ability.

9. If the learner is having difficulty with a step of the task analysis.  Try to break the step down into smaller steps.  Look at the possibility of using modified equipment.

10. Jigs and modified equipment  These are often simple but effective aids and modifications that act as an environmental prompt to the worker.

11. Setting up the training environment  In order to provide an environmental prompt for the worker, set up the job to maximise the success of the worker; –Lay out equipment and materials in the same way each training session. –Determine the best position for both trainer and learner. –Have a detailed task analysis for the job. –Consider safety aspects.

15. The Least Intrusive Prompt  Don’t over prompt.  Always, always, always, use the least intrusive prompt.

16. Prompt Hierarchy  Self prompt/ Environmental prompt  Visual prompt  Gestural prompt  Indirect verbal prompt  Direct verbal prompt  Demonstration prompt  Partial physical prompt  Full physical prompt

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24. Train a co worker.  Co workers provide a “natural” source of both prompts and feedback to the worker.  Identify a “willing” co worker.  They may ask you questions about your role, or show a genuine interest in the worker and engage with them.  Model your training and support techniques.  Encourage them to support the worker.  Give them positive feedback.