1. Where Are Agricultural Regions in LDCs?
C10K2

2. Objectives Shifting Cultivation Pastoral Nomadism
Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
Plantation Farming
Intensive Subsistence Agri 1) wet rice 2) non wet rice crops

3. Shifting Cultivation?
Where? Practiced in Humid Low-Latitude (high temps & abundant rainfall) South America, Central/West Africa, & SE Asia
Characteristics: lash & burn agriculture or notching & swidden (small villages)
3 yr life span
Crops: rice, maize, cassava, millet, sorghum, yams, sugarcane, plantain
Notching of trees, clear land (swidden) and burn, releasing nutrients when combined with rain, can take 6 to 20 years to return

4. Ownership of Land in Shifting
Who? Owned by the villages/ villagers designated patches of land.
Future of Shifting Cultivation: tropics are be deforested to make way for logging, ranching, & cash crops.
Critics: 1) commercial farming causes irreversible damage 2) global warming 3) upsets traditional cultures

5. Pastoral Nomadism
What? Is a form of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domesticated animals
Where? Dry climates that lack agriculture, SW Asia, N. Africa
Uses? Provide milk, skins/ hair for clothing and tents
Economics: size of their herd measurements of wealth and prestige, trade with subsistence farmers for grain, vegetables, fruits.

6. Migration & the Future of Pastoralist
Territorial and based on access to water. transhumance: seasonal migration btw mountains & lowland pastures
Future: declining form of agriculture bc of secondary role of traders is less prominent.
Conflict: Governments want their lands.

7. Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
Where? In densely pop. Areas, farmers must work intensively to subsist on a parcel of land
Inheritance & Space? Ratio of farmers to the land is high
wet rice dominates: small % of land but large yields.

8. How is Rice Made?

9. How Rice is Grown

10. Other Rice Terms Sawah/ paddy: field where rice is grown
Husks or chaff is where the rice seedlings are
Threshing: process of of separating the heavier chaff from seedling.
Winnowed is the remaining chaff being removed
Hull is a rice’s outer covering
Double cropping: 2 crops in one year

11. Intensive Subsistence: other than Rice
Crops? Wheat, barley, corn, oats, sorghum, soybeans, cotton, hemp, tobacco
Where? Dry colder climates (India’s interior & Northeast China
Crop rotation to prevent exhaustion of soil
Pros/Cons of communal vs privatization

12. Plantation Farming
Where? Topics & subtropics of LDCs but owned & operated by MDCs
Purpose? Commercial use: cotton, sugarcane, coffee, rubber, tobacco, fruits and vegetables.
Labor? Imported workers
Economy of the South prior to Civil War