2. English as an Additional Language Learning Objectives: 1) To explore strategies for teaching EAL students. 2) To equip GTs to select the most effective strategies for each individual student. Group A

3. Story Writing with 8 Campion TRANSLATING KEYWORDS and WRITING in HOME LANGUAGE

4. Beware the Sand(ing) Machine! SETTING THE CLASSROOM CONTEXT

5. Learning Objectives -To learn what E MBROIDERY is -To use S ATIN S TITCH

6. Potential starter/recap activity for a future lesson – Matching pictures to keywords (Translation)

7. Potential mini plenary – sketching using whiteboards process of stitching Teacher Demonstration

8. Differentiated worksheets: -Black and white pictures -Coloured pictures -Coloured pictures with words -Written instructions 2 MINUTES YOUR TURN!

9. Thread the needle Insert your needle into the back of the hessian and pull it through A Put the needle back into the hessian at B A B Your 1 st stitch is complete C Bring the needle back through C. Repeat the stitch until you have completed the shape.. Completed satin stitch

10. Plenary Sentence starters to be filled in using today’s keywords – Today I learned …. The tools I used… I was able to…

11. Lesson structure This structure can be used to aid your EAL students process of learning. It can be used within lessons or over a unit of work to ensure that the EAL student is making progress in assessable, incremental stages. Express Understanding (a)Explaining Keywords within images and translations DEVELOPING READING SKILLS Express Understanding (b)Modelling Model the task using very simple clear instruction that utilises the keywords Process UnderstandingDifferentiated resources which introduces vocab for students to read to allow the student to work independently Assess new information and experiences by sharing experience and new knowledge Plenary Sentence starters / writing frames to be filled in using keywords DEVELOP WRITING SKILLS OutcomeThe final piece of work

12. Understanding the assessment of EAL students

13. SEN Code of Practice (DFES, 2001) “Lack of fluency in English should not be thought of as a Special Educational need in cognition and learning”

14. New Arrival Child arriving with previous relevant formal schooling conducted in a language other than English New to Schooling Child arriving with severely disrupted schooling or little or no previous experience of formal schooling New to English A student who has been learning English for less than two years EAL Student Any student in need of additional support for developing English as an Additional Language

15. Advanced Bilingual Pupils who have had all or most of their school education in the UK and whose oral proficiency in English is usually indistinguishable from that of pupils with English as a first language but whose writing may still show distinctive features related to their language background. EAL Advanced A student who has been learning English for 2-4 years. Multilingual Learner Any child arriving who regularly uses two plus languages for different purposes. For example: English at school, Farsi at home, Arabic for religious purposes.

16. Complete beginner. Can say and recognise name, familiar words. May be familiar with the alphabet. Beginning to know conversation English. Can follow a text, basic conversation. Can read aloud, pronunciation is understandable. Can convey what they mean. Listen and respond without delay in conversation on a range of topics. Use of complex sentences in their work. S1 - Step 1 S2 - Step 2 1T - Level 1 Threshold 1S - Level 1 Secure QCA – Scale for Language Acquisition

17. S EQUENCE OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT 5) Writing 1) Silent 2) Listening 3) Speaking 4) Reading

18. CALPS L ANGUAGE P ROCESS Vocabulary Pronunciation Grammar Semantic Meaning Functional Meaning C OGNITIVE P ROCESS Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation BICS Corresponds directly to Blooms’ stems!

19. Thomas and Collier (1997) Thomas and Collier (1997) revealed that 5-7 yrs may not be an accurate time span to achieve CALP and that a key element would be the length of formal education a child had received in their first language. Children that had arrived before the age of 8yrs required 7 – 10 years to achieve CALP; while those who arrived after 8yrs required an average of 5-7 years.

20. EAL and Social and Cultural needs No one student is the same. EAL is a label that covers a vast range of students with a vast range of needs. ‘When students’ language, culture and experience are ignored or excluded in classroom interactions, students are immediately starting from a disadvantage. Everything they have learned about life and the world up to this point is being dismissed as irrelevant to school learning’. Cummins, J. (2001) Negotiating Identities: Education for Empowerment in a Diverse Society. Second. Ed. (Los Angeles CA: California Association for Bilingual Education) p2

21. Feelings: new language + new school + new country = FEAR 1) Refugees 2) Religion / Racism 3) New style of teaching and learning

22. MUSIC, Makes the People… How do you ensure your classroom is a safe and secure environment for all your learners? + =

23. 1 ) Communicating with parents 2) Valuing home language and culture 3) Redeeming time away from school Different Systems: Parental involvement is ‘particularly significant in assisting their children’s academic achievement.’ Smyth, G. (2003) Helping Bilingual Pupils to Access the Curriculum. (London: David Fulton Publishers) p27

24. Difficulties and solutions: 1) Language differences 2) Buddies 3) Teacher’s approach “I’m his dictionary! I get tired of translating for him every day; it’s hard work. But when I first came here people helped me and now it’s my turn to help.” (Fluent bilingual year 10 student who is a buddy for a new arrival EAL at Hendon School) ‘Ensure a supportive and stress-free environment in which language and learning can take place... Trying to operate in a language in which you are not fluent is stressful and tiring so learners need restful times during the day.’ Gravelle, M. (1996) Supporting Bilingual Learners in Schools. (Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham Books) p24 Difficulties and solutions: 1) Language differences 2) Buddies 3) Teacher’s approach

25. EAL and Social and Cultural needs: A Huge Challenge ‘Underachievement is not caused primarily by lack of fluency in English. Underachievement is the result of particular kinds of interactions in school that lead culturally diverse students to mentally withdraw from academic effort.’ Gravelle, M. (1996) Supporting Bilingual Learners in Schools. (Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham Books) p77

26. ‘Bilingualism is the common language experience of the majority of the world’s population and is not a learning difficulty but an opportunity for extending cultural and social expression.’ Kahin, M. H. (1997) Educating Somali Children in Britain. (Stoke on Trent: Trentham Books) p45 EAL and Social and Cultural needs: A Huge Opportunity

27. Case Study 1) Read the pen portrait. 2) Decide what level they are on the QCA scale and write it in the box. 3) Make a note of key information about their background and how this impacts on their individual needs. 4) Use the Strategies/Task/Resource box to plan/illustrate how you could engage the student in the identified lesson. 10 MINUTES

28. Group Feedback Did an insight into the student’s feelings and background impact at all on how you planned for them? How? How will this impact on your future practice? 3 MINUTES Stick your post it……On our TOM-bola!!! OUCH! No pins allowed!