1. Governance & Transparency Fund A National Conversation Partnership – 2009-2013 Formative Research Findings

2. A National Conversation Project Goal To enhance TBCs’s capacity to provide citizens with opportunities to check government decisions and voice their views and needs, thereby increasing demand for good governance and accountability TransparencyAccountability Participation To check government decisions To increase demand for good governance To voice citizens views and needs

3. A National Conversation Project Activities ResearchLearning Co-Production Formative ResearchTraining PlanMedia Products Audience ResearchSkills SharingRadio & Television

4. A National Conversation Formative Research Needs Assessment Qualitative Quantitative

5. TBC PSB since 2007, previously state broadcaster since 1950’s 1 National TV station, 2 National & 1 Dar-only radio stations Tido Mhando, Director General since late 2006 The ‘Big Change’ Vision to make TBC the leading broadcaster in TZ Re-vamped Senior Management Team Re-vamped News & Current Affairs New popular programmes (comedy, football, talent) Bigger and better national coverage Quality & Reputation of TBC is improving – TBC now has the 2 nd most watched TV station in the country, and the 2 nd most listened to radio station. TBC is now the nations favourite news provider.

6. TBC An assessment of where TBC is at... The 6 Key Issues from the Needs Assessment What is PSB anyway? Is TBC state or PSB? Audience Engagement...& in Programmes In Research... TVRadio = Innovation = Inertia Who’s ‘Big Change’? Staff involvement......& Staff Commitment Skills & Equipment CraftProduction EditorialManagement 2010 ‘make or break’ Elections Taking it to the Next Level

7. Field Visual Analysis Formative Research: Qualitative Photographs Focus Groups Methodology Equipping people with cameras to freely take photos of everyday issues that affect them in their lives Using the photos to facilitate discussion and debate To establish what citizens concepts are around governance issues: what are the issues of their concern, what do they think about them and what do they think should be done about them Effective in unpacking complex phenomenon in everyday communities – constructing voice

8. Field Visual Analysis Formative Research: Qualitative Kinondoni Kilwa 4 districts chosen for the study FGD Groups: 1 – Students 2 – Housewives 3 – Fishermen 4 – HIV+ 5 – Professionals 6 – Journalists KigomaKongwa FGD Groups: 1 – Business People 2 – Daladala Drivers 3 – Farmers 4 – Herders 5 – Old People 6 – Unemployed FGD Groups: 1 – Fishermen 2 – Housewives 3 – Teachers 4 – Disabled 5 – Taxi Drivers 6 – Business People FGD Groups: 1 – Health Workers 2 – Youth 3 – Farmers 4 – Old People 5 – Housewives 6 – Fishermen Mix of age, sex, occupation, rural/urban 6 Focus Groups per district 155 Photos151 Photos89 Photos94 Photos

9. Formative Research: Qualitative Kinondoni KilwaKigomaKongwa Main Topics of Discussion Unprompted, in order of amount of time spent discussing each theme 1 – The Media 2 – Social / Govt Responsibility 3 – Infrastructure 4 – Education 5 – Transport 6 – Environment 1 – Social / Govt Responsibility 2 – Transport 3 – Livelihood 4 – The Media 5 – Education 6 – Cost of Living 7 – Health Coded thematically 1 – Social / Govt Responsibility 2 – Transport 3 – Livelihood 4 – Education 5 – Cost of Living 6 – The Media 7 – Health 1 – Education 2 – Health 3 – Livelihood 4 – Transport

10. “Mvuvi afanye nini ili aweze kufanikiwa?” “What should a fisherman do in order to make it?” Kigoma Fisherman

11. “Tumefika mahali tumekata tamaa, tumechoka. Mimea imekauka, tumeshaongea, tukachoka” “We’ve got to the point where we have given up, we are tired. The crops have dried up, we’ve already talked about it, we’ve had enough” Kongwa Farmer

12. “Hapa kwetu umeme sisi hatuna. Hiyo nguzo unayoiona imepita tu” “We haven’t got any electricity here. This pole that you see, is just passing it over us” Kilwa Health Worker

13. “Tunaoishi na virusi vya UKIMWI tunafaa tule matunda kwa afya yetu, ila mimi nitatoa wapi elfu moja kununua nanasi?” “Those of us living with HIV should eat fruit for our health, but where am I going to get 1,000 shillings from to buy a pineapple?” Kinondoni HIV+ Lady

14. “Kilimo cha jembe kinatuhimiza sana mgongo. Tumeahadiwa matrakta, lakini matrakta yenyewe hatuyaoni” “Farming with hoes puts a lot of strain on our backs. We have been promised tractors, but the tractors themselves, we don’t see them” Kilwa Housewife

15. “Hivi ni vyanzo vyetu vya maji” “These are our water sources” Kilwa Old Man

16. “Sehemu tunazokaa sisi wa hali ya chini sio nzuri kwa huku” “The places we live in – for lower class folk like us – aren’t good around here” Kinondoni Housewife

17. Formative Research: Qualitative When Tanzanians talk about governance, they talk about social services and issues Water Health ElectricityEducation Roads What does the study tell us? LivelihoodEnvironmentEconomy

18. Formative Research: Qualitative What does the study tell us? Tanzanians feel as though the government is not doing enough to address their problems “The government is to blame” “The government does not want to assist me” “The government does not care about us” “The government calls meetings to discuss but nothing happens” “The government cannot fulfil its promises” “The problem is that our leaders do not know how to do their duties”

19. Formative Research: Qualitative What does the study tell us? Tanzanians do not feel they can – or know how to – raise their concerns with the government “We don’t get help and we don’t know what to do” “You know these things have been going on for a long time, they have not started today or yesterday” “We have this thing that whoever says the truth most of the time is seen as a bad person” “To tell the truth we have never taken our complaints anywhere” “Whatever I am saying I hope will be heard by the government so that they will listen to these voices and help us” “To be honest I think we have already given up”

20. Formative Research: Qualitative What does the study tell us? Tanzanians feel as though the government is not doing enough to address their problems When Tanzanians talk about governance, they talk about social services and issues Tanzanians do not feel they can, or know how, to raise their concerns with the government The Discourse of Disillusion

21. Formative Research: Quantitative Baseline Survey To understand and benchmark people’s knowledge, attitudes and self-reported behaviours with respect to selected governance and media indicators This included: ‒People’s media exposure and media consumptions patterns ‒People’s level of trust in media providers ‒Whether people feel they have the ability to raise important issues with their political leaders ‒The extent to which people feel they can influence public discussion especially around governance issues ‒People’s perceptions of transparency, accountability and participation in governance matters / issues of public importance ‒The extent to which people feel that TBC covers issues important to them ‒The extent to which people feel TBC is independent of government

22. Formative Research: Quantitative Baseline Survey 1,668 respondents (47% female) Systemic probability sampling method Semi-structured questionnaire Face-to-face interviews No. of Respondents: Kinondoni422 Unguja West324 Nachingwea319 Kigoma Mjini317 Chamwino286 Age: 18-25 years38% 26-35 years38% 36-45 years16% Over 45 years8% Marital Status: Married / Cohabiting51% Single41% Divorced / Widowed7% Occupation: Agriculture40% Unemployed29% Business14% Blue Collar10% White Collar6% Education: Primary48% Secondary40% College /Uni8% None3% Religion: Muslim54% Christian44% Other2%

23. Formative Research: Quantitative Engagement with the Media Respondents exhibiting high, medium, & low media engagement: HighMediumLow 106/1668697/1668865/1668 6%42%52% Of whom: % from Dar-es-Salaam50%46%5% % aged under 35 years87%79%72% % of women40%42%53% % with minimum secondary education65%63%35% % unemployed35%33%26%

24. Formative Research: Quantitative Media availability at the household level?

25. Formative Research: Quantitative TV station most watched?

26. Formative Research: Quantitative Radio station most listened to?

27. Formative Research: Quantitative Which direction do you think the country is moving in?

28. Formative Research: Quantitative Is corruption a major problem...?

29. Formative Research: Quantitative How much influence do you think you have in government decision making?

30. Formative Research: Quantitative How interested would you say you are in politics?

31. Formative Research: Quantitative How satisfied are you with democracy in Tanzania?

32. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Corruption in Government Poor Roads Infrastructure Poor Health Care Water Scarcity Lack of Reliable Electricity Drought Rising Prices / High Inflation No / Poor Economic Development Crime / Violence / Lawlessness No Clean Water Poverty Unemployment Poor Education HIV & AIDS Food Scarcity Water Scarcity Poor Education Food Scarcity Unclean Environment Corruption in Government No Clean Water HIV & AIDS Crime / Violence / Lawlessness Drought Rising Prices / High Inflation Unemployment Poor Roads Infrastructure Poor Health Care Lack of Reliable Electricity Poverty 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Formative Research: Quantitative What are the biggest issues facing Tanzania?...and in your local area where you live?

33. For more information, please contact: Jimmy Innes, Country Director, BBC-WST Tanzania jimmy.innes@bbcwst.net