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Published byJaxon Feild Modified over 9 years ago
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1 HTML Hypertext Markup Language
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2 Objectives n To be able to create simple Web pages n To understand certain advanced HTML concepts such as tables and frames n To understand the future of HTML
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3 Outline Day 1 n HTML Overview n Basic HTML – Text formatting – Lists – Hyperlinks – Images
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4 Outline Day 2 n Advanced HTML – Tables – Frames n Design Guidelines n Future of HTML n Wrap-up n What an advanced HTML /Web course would entail
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5 Definition : HTML n Hypertext Markup Language n Simplified subset of Standardized Markup Language (SGML) n Defines the structure of a document n Contrary to assumption, it does NOT completely define the document look as explicit rendering depends on the browser
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6 Definition : Tags n Features or elements delineated inside of brackets (<>) n In these slides, the current style of tags will be shown in black and the deprecated style will be shown below in italics
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7 Definition : Attributes n Parameters inside of tags that define values for a given tag
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8 Definition : Events n Actions that occur within a Web page that can be realized by an HTML document
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9 Basic Structure of an HTML Page Title goes here
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10 BODY Attributes n BGCOLOR=“#000000” n TEXT=“#000000” n LINK=“#000000” n VLINK=“#000000” n ALINK=“#000000” n BACKGROUND=“URL of image”
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11 Comments
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12 Headers First-level heading Second-level heading Third-level heading Fourth-level heading Fifth-level heading Sixth-level heading
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13 Character Formatting : Fonts Tiny text Smaller text Small text Normal text Large text Big text Huge text
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14 Character Formatting : Base Font for Document
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15 Character Formatting : Base Font for Document Deprecated Style
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16 Character Formatting : Fonts Tiny text Smaller text Small text Large text Big text Huge text
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17 Character Formatting : Font Color Red Green Blue
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18 Character Formatting : Emphasis (Usually Italic) Emphasized text
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19 Character Formatting : Strong (Usually Bold) Strong text
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20 Character Formatting : Code (Usually Courier) Code text
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21 Character Formatting : Keyboard (Usually Courier) Text to be typed
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22 Character Formatting : Variable Variable text
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23 Character Formatting : Sample Sample text
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24 Character Formatting : Definition Definition of a term
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25 Character Formatting : Citation Citation text
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26 Character Formatting : Addresses john.doe@email.com John Doe
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27 Character Formatting : Deprecated “Physical” Tags Bold text Italic text Typewriter text Underlined text Strike through text Bigger text Smaller text Subscript text Superscript text
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28 Horizontal Rule Deprecated style n HR Attributes – SIZE=10 (thickness in pixels) – WIDTH=100 (width in pixels) – WIDTH=50% – ALIGN=LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT – NOSHADE
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29 Line Break Deprecated style
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30 Paragraphs This is a paragraph. This can include any number of sentences. Yadda yadda ya. Deprecated style This is a paragraph. This can include any number of sentences. Yadda yadda ya.
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31 Block Quote Four score and seven years ago…
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32 Preformatted Text Whatever, However this text is displayed ====================== Just as it is here
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33 Divisions n DIV Attributes ALIGN=LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT n Note: Whatever should be the same as: Whatever
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34 Lists n Ordered (Numbered) list n Unordered list n Menu list n Directory list n Definition (Glossary) list
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35 Ordered (Numbered) List Item 1 Item 2 Deprecated Style Item 1 Item 2
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36 Ordered (Numbered) List : Type Attribute Item 1 Item 2 Deprecated Style Item 1 Item 2
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37 Ordered (Numbered) List : Type Attribute Item a Item b Deprecated Style Item a Item b
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38 Ordered (Numbered) List : Type Attribute Item A Item B Deprecated Style Item A Item B
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39 Ordered (Numbered) List : Type Attribute Item i Item ii Deprecated Style Item i Item ii
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40 Ordered (Numbered) List : Type Attribute Item I Item II Deprecated Style Item I Item II
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41 Ordered (Numbered) List : Start Attribute Item 10 Item 11 Deprecated Style Item 10 Item 11
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42 Ordered (Numbered) List : Type and Start Attributes Item V Item VI Deprecated Style Item V Item VI
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43 Unordered List First Item Second Item Deprecated Style First Item Second Item
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44 Unordered List : Type Attribute First Disk Item Second Disk Item Deprecated Style First Disk Item Second Disk Item
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45 Unordered List : Type Attribute First Square Item Second Square Item Deprecated Style First Square Item Second Square Item
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46 Unordered List : Type Attribute First Circle Item Second Circle Item Deprecated Style First Circle Item Second Circle Item
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47 Menu List Menu Item 1 Menu Item 2 Deprecated Style Menu Item 1 Menu Item 2
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48 Directory List Directory Item 1 Directory Item 2 Deprecated Style Directory Item 1 Directory Item 2
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49 Definition (Glossary) List Term 1 Definition 1 Term 2 Definition 2 Deprecated Style Term 1 Definition 1 Term 2 Definition 2
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50 Links URL related text URLs can be any of the following: http://hostname:port/directory/filename.html ftp://username:password@ftp.site.com/directory/file file://directory/file.txt mailto://joe.doe@email.com gopher://hostname/directory/file news:site
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51 Links Note n Replace : in a pathname with a | – DO n Definition – DON’T n Definition
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52 Links Internal to a Document A named point in a document Linking to point in the same document name Linking to point from another document name
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53 Other Uses of the Link Tag n Audio files n Video files n Other multimedia files
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54 Images Deprecated Style
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55 Images : IMG Attributes n ALT=“Text if image can’t be shown” n ALIGN=TOP, MIDDLE, BOTTOM n ALIGN=LEFT, RIGHT (word wrapping margin) n CLEAR=LEFT, RIGHT, ALL (remove margin) n HEIGHT=200 (in pixels) n WIDTH=200 (in pixels) n VSPACE=20 (in pixels) n HSPACE=20 (in pixels) n BORDER=5 (in pixels)
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56 Applets Using the APPLET Tag <APPLET CODE=“URL.class” WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200>
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57 Applets Using the APPLET Tag Deprecated Style <APPLET CODE=“URL.class” WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200>
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58 Tables Title for the Table Column 1 Column 2 Data 1 Data 2
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59 Tables : TABLE Attributes n BORDER or BORDER=0, 1, 2, 3, … n ALIGN=LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT n WIDTH=0, 100 n CELLSPACING=0, 1, 2, 3, … n CELLPADDING=0, 1, 2, 3, …
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60 Tables : CAPTION Attributes n ALIGN=TOP, BOTTOM
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61 Tables : TR (Table Row) Attributes n ALIGN=LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT
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62 Tables : TH (Table Heading) Attributes n ALIGN=LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT n VALIGN=TOP, MIDDLE, BOTTOM n ROWSPAN=1 n COLSPAN=1 n NOWRAP n BGCOLOR=“#0000FF”
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63 Tables : TD (Table Data) Attributes n ALIGN=LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT n VALIGN=TOP, MIDDLE, BOTTOM n ROWSPAN=1 n COLSPAN=1 n NOWRAP n BGCOLOR=“#0000FF”
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64 Working With Multiple Windows Deprecated Style n Special values for TARGET Attribute – TARGET=“_blank” New window – TARGET=“_self” This window – TARGET=“_parent” Parent of _self – TARGET=“_top” Whole Web browser
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65 Working With Multiple Windows <A HREF=“URL” TARGET=“window name”> URL on a SEPARATE Web browser window called window name
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66 Frames Using FRAMESET Tag Title Text
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67 Supporting Browsers Without Frames Title Text
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68 FRAMESET Attributes n COLS=“100” (number in pixels) n COLS=“33%” (percentage of the screen) n COLS=“*” (division of all remaining space) n ROWS=“100” (number in pixels) n ROWS=“33%” (percentage of the screen) n ROWS=“*” (division of all remaining space)
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69 FRAMESET Attributes n FRAMEBORDER=YES, NO n BORDERCOLOR=“#000000” n BORDER=0, 1, 2, 3, … (width in pixels)
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70 FRAME Attributes n SRC=“URL” n SCROLLING=AUTO, NO, YES n NORESIZE n FRAMEBORDER=YES, NO n BORDERCOLOR=“#000000” n MARGINHEIGHT=100 (in pixels) n MARGINWIDTH=100 (in pixels)
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71 Frame Example 1
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72 Frame Example 1 Deprecated Style
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73 Frame Example 2
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74 Frame Example 2 Deprecated Style
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75 Design Guideline 1 n DO – Learn from existing Web pages by viewing their sources n DON’T – Repeat mistakes of most Web sites such as missing links (i.e. files), pages “under construction”, improper HTML, etc.
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76 Design Guideline 2 n DO – Save HTML in files ending in the extension.html (or.htm if on a DOS-based system) n Filename.html n DON’T – Place HTML in files with other extensions n Filename.txt
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77 Design Guideline 3 n DO – Follow the format on “Basic Structure of an HTML Page” slide n DON’T – Leave out,,,,,,, or tags
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78 Design Guideline 4 n DO – All “document” content belongs in the BODY section – All style sheets go in the HEAD section
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79 Design Guideline 5 n DO – ALWAYS close “open” tags that have corresponding “close” tags n Some text n DON’T n Some text
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80 Design Guideline 6 n DO – ALWAYS close tags in the opposite order in which they are opened. n Some text n DON’T n Some text
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81 Design Guideline 7 n DO – Keep images and other downloaded components small in size and limited in number n DO – Limit even the text length of a single Web page to avoid overwhelming users
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82 Design Guideline 8 n DO – Limit the number of style changes such as color, font size, centering, and data content made in the Web page
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83 Design Guideline 9 n DO – Make the Web site / collection of Web documents relate in a logical fashion n Hierarchical n Linear n Non-linear, but centered around a small core set of “home”, “help”, etc. pages that exist as links from every single site – Minimize “click count” between any two pages
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84 Design Guideline 10 n DO – Expect the Web to advance incredibly fast, but realize that most users will not support cutting edge or non-standardized technology or language versions
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85 Future of HTML n World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is currently re-mapping HTML into eXtensible Markup Language (XML) which is also a subset of SGML n XML is being brought into the OMG’s efforts on CORBA and UML n CORBA is evolving in tandem with Java, especially the Enterprise Java Beans component model
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86 Future of HTML n HTML 2.0 n HTML 3.2 n HTML 4.0 n HTML 4.01 (current bug fix) n XHTML 1.0 (HTML mapped into XML) n XHTML 1.1 (Simple event handling) n XHTML 2.0 (June 2000 expected)
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87 Wrap-up n HTML is a markup language to describe the content, but not precisely the look of the page n HTML will only describe the layout of a page, while most Web pages will actually require functionality not provided by a markup language n HTML requires “true” languages such as Java, Perl, or C/C++ to process data
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88 What would an Advanced HTML / Web Course Entail? n “Outmoded technologies” – “Pure” HTML – Forms – CGI Programming – JavaScript (Renamed ECMA Script)
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89 What would an Advanced HTML /Web Course Entail? n “Current technologies” – Image maps (client and server side) – Applets – Java Servlets – Embedded technologies and “plug-ins” – Style Sheets – Dynamic HTML
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90 What would an Advanced HTML / Web Course Entail? n “Future Technologies” – Java Server Pages (JSP) versus Microsoft Application Server Pages (ASP) – XML – True distributed computing n Java and/or CORBA
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91 References n World Wide Web Consortium (HTML, XML, and ECMA Script) – http://www.w3.org/ n Sunsoft (Java) – http://www.javasoft.com/ n Microsoft (XML, ASP, and SOAP) – http://www.microsoft.com/ n Object Management Group (CORBA) – http://www.omg.org/ n Sam's Teach Yourself Web Publishing with HTML 4 in 21 days
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