1. Elastic Taping for Runner Injuries
Huei-Ming Chai, PT PhD
School of Physical Therapy
National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
June 23, 2008

2. Elastic Taping for Runner Injuries
Kinesio tape and its properties
development of elastic taping
advocated effects of elastic taping
principles of application
Q and A
Common Runner Injuries and its Taping

3. Kinesio Taping 1973 Kenzo Kase, D.C.
concept for development: to provide a better environment for self-healing
feature
elastic: able to be
stretched up to 140%

4. Advocated Effects to re-adjust muscle tension
to improve blood/lymph circulation
to relieve pain
to re-align joint position
to provide skin stimulation

5. Structure of Tape backing material (背襯) adhesive (膠): 醫療等級
porosity (透氣性)
conformability (順膚性)
adhesive (膠): 醫療等級
rubber based (乳膠系)
zinc oxide (氧化鋅系)
silicone based (矽膠)
acrylate based (丙烯酸膠、壓克力膠): pressure-sensitive (感壓膠)
release agent (解捲因子) 背襯 膠 皮膚

6. Applied Force of Elastic Tape
stress-strain curve
creep phenomenon
commonly used
zero tension: % of length
moderate tension: 120% of length
full tension: % of length

7. Length-Tension Curve -- maximum isometric contraction
total tension
active
passive
resting

8. Tensile Strength of Collagen Fiber
plastic
region
failure
yield point
elastic
region
strain
microtrauma
injury
clinical
test
physiological
loading
ultimate strain
stress

9. As deformation remains constant
Load Relaxation
Progressive decrease in load with time as the deformation of the structure remains constant
time
stress
As deformation remains constant

10. Applied Shape of Elastic Taping
I- band
Y-band
x-band
fork-shaped

11. Applied Position of Elastic Tape
commonly used
parallel to the fibers: for support
perpendicular to the fibers: for fixation
parallel
perpendicular

12. Applied Direction of Elastic Tape
direction of taping:
origin to insertion
recoil of tape
muscle
contraction
direction of taping:
insertion to origin
recoil of tape
muscle
contraction

13. Other Considerations of Application
site to be applied
muscle
ligament
lymph note
size of tape
position of adjacent joints

14. Failure of Kinesio Taping
unable to hit the target
incorrect diagnosis
poor palpation
Inaccurate alignment of muscle
forget to place the injured tissue in the lengthening position

15. Q and A How long it can be applied onto the skin? Is it water-proof?
Is it appropriate for the hypersensitive skin?
Can it be used accompanying with other types of physical therapy?
Do I need to shave hairs before application of elastic tape?
Are there any differences among the tapes with various colors?
Can I used it for a healthy adult?

16. Elastic Taping for Runner Injuries
Kinesio tape and its properties
Common Runner Injuries and its Taping
heel pad pain syndrome
plantar fasciitis
Achilles tendinitis
iliotibial band syndrome
patellofemoral pain syndrome
low back pain

17. Running Cycle stance phase swing phase
foot strike mid-support take-off
follow-through forward swing foot descent

18. Shock Absorption at Foot Strike
ground reaction force at FS = 2.5～3 BW
biomechanical requirements at FS
LE motions
cartilage or fat pad
heel pad, metatarsal pad, meniscus, IVD
extrinsic factors
gel heel pad

19. Heel Pad Atrophy
atrophy
use of heel cup
Poor recoil

20. Elastic Taping for Foot
1. plantar fascia
2. heel pad
3. arch support

21. Foot Motion during Mid-Support
foot pronation at mid-support in order to make the foot more mobile for further shock absorption
foot pronation  medial and
inferior glide of talus and
internal rotation of tibia
 COG shifting medially   energy consumption and time to re-supinaiton
strategy: hard counter for
controlling COG motions
counter

22. Pronated Foot
pronation of rearfoot with respect to forefoot (decreased arch) as foot is loaded
NOT structural flat foot
resulting in pain or dysfunction of foot or other WB joints
照像supinated那張 3.0cm 4.6cm
4.6 cm
3.0 cm
NWB WB

23. Achilles Tendinitis etiology: Achilles tendon tightness
predisposing factors
sudden change in intensity
uphill running
S/S
Achilles tendon pain or stiffness
unable to raise on the heel, deep squatting, or stretch Achilles tendon
enlargement of Achilles tendon

24. Architecture of Gastrocnemius
Changing fascicle angle improves muscle performance?
confinement?
Gas m.

25. Arch Support in Pronated Foot
pronated foot  lower arch
 plantar fascia stretched
A arch support would further
stretch plantar fascia
plantar fascia
arch support

26. Re-supination at Take-off
re-supination at take-off in order to make the foot rigid and support the body weight
LE motions：subtalar joint supinaiton、midtarsal joint locked, first ray plantarflexion, and MP joint full extension
windlass effect of plantar fascia
 ground reaction force   momentum (= mv)
 running speed
 impact force (= Ft) accumulated at metatarsal heads  metatarsalgia

27. Windlass Mechanism (Truss Model)
plantar fascia
Toe neutral
plantar fascia
PF of 1st ray
Toe extension

28. Plantar Fasciitis
neutral foot
pronated foot
plantar fascia

29. Elastic Taping for Foot
1. plantar fascia
2. heel pad
3. arch support

30. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
chondromalacia patella
anterior knee pain, esp. downstairs
positive grinding test
management PT
arthroscopy
quadriceps strengthening
elastic taping

31. Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome
ITB
Iliotibial Band
origin：insertion of tensor fascia lata
insertion：Gerdy’s tubercle of tibia
S/S
lateral knee pain
pain at 15-30 of knee flexion
during one-leg squatting test
Management
stretch exercise
elastic taping

32. Elastic Taping for Back Muscle Spasm
Patient’s position
forward bending with elbow on the knee
Type of taping
I- band for paravertebral muscle

33. Rotator Cuff Tendinitis
S/S
shoulder stiffness, pain, or weakness
unable to raise the arm or put the hand on sacrum
drop arm test
differentiation
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
long head of the biceps brachialis

34. Elastic Taping for Supraspinatus

35. Elastic Taping for Deltoid Muscle

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