1. Identifying opportunities to improve the efficiency of power transmission through existing Overhead Power Lines Konstantinos Kopsidas Supergen - AMPerES

2. Structure of the Presentation Supergen - AMPerES Basics of Ampacity & Sag Holistic Computational Methodology for Rating an OHL Analysis/Comparison of AAAC & ACSR Conductors on an 33kV OHL system Advanced conductors on the 33kV system Conclusions - The Way Forward

3. Basics of Ampacity & Sag Supergen - AMPerES Ampacity = The amount of current a conductor can carry without exceeding a specified temperature I MAX is defined by the max conductor temperature or the max conductor elongation set by the operator

4. Supergen - AMPerES Basics of Ampacity & Sag SPAN MCT Tension SPAN

5. Supergen - AMPerES Computational Methodology

6. Supergen - AMPerES Mechanical Computations EXAMPLE OF LOAD CASE WIND: 380N/m 2 ICE: 9.5mm & 913kg/m 3 BS EN 50423 BS EN 50341 BS EN 50182 Insulator Maximum Working Tension  Absolute Conductor Working Tension   Absolute Maximum Working Tension  Vibration Limited Maximum Working Tension

7. Supergen - AMPerES Electrical Computations BS method Neglects steel core in the table F.42 of standards R DC = R AL ASTM method considers steel core R DC = R ST || R AL BS EN 50182 ASTM B232

8. Supergen - AMPerES Ageing Computations Predictor Equations IEEE 1283 (a) (b) Δ  Δt Creep-Strain curve  ΔTension

9. Supergen - AMPerES 33kV Wood Pole Structure Analysis ENA TS 43-40 ENA TS 43-90 BS 3288 BS 1990-1 BS EN 62219 BS EN 50423 =5.2m =5.7m

10. Supergen - AMPerES Different Conductor Technologies ACCR (3M) ACCC/TW (CTC) AAAC SOFT ACSR HARD ACSR

11. Supergen - AMPerES AAAC Performance At Max Electrical + Mechanical Loading Increase of modulus (E) Reduction of thermal elongation(ε T ) Non-linear modulus Non-linear thermal elongation

12. Supergen - AMPerES Analysis of AAAC

13. Supergen - AMPerES AAAC Performance at different T MAX At different Max Operating Temperatures

14. Supergen - AMPerES AAAC Performance

15. Supergen - AMPerES Comparison of AAAC & ACSR

16. Supergen - AMPerES Comparison of AAAC & ACSR

17. Supergen - AMPerES Comparison of AAAC & ACSR Creep is included in the calculations

18. Supergen - AMPerES Comparison of AAAC & ACSR

19. Including 10 Year Creep Supergen - AMPerES Advanced Composite Conductors Creep is not considered 3M CTC

20. Supergen - AMPerES Advanced Composite Conductors 3M CTC

21. Supergen - AMPerES ConclusionsConclusions The methodology can be applied in any type & size of conductor including system design limitations & weather. AAAC are more suitable than the ACSR for the 33kV typical wood pole system. ACCC/TW develop less sag allowing uprating of the structure to 66kV.

22. Supergen - AMPerES What is Next Performance Analysis of a real system Any real system?